Symbiosis

Symbiosis is a long-term cohabitation between two different types of organisms (symbionts), bringing them mutual benefit.

Symbiosis is the close relationship and interdependence of two different organisms that live together. A classic example of symbiosis is the relationship between a fungus and an algae in a lichen. The fungus provides the algae with moisture and minerals, and the algae provides the fungus with nutrients through photosynthesis.

Another common example of symbiosis is between corals and zooxanthellae algae. Zooxanthellae live in the tissues of corals and provide nutrition to the corals through photosynthesis. In turn, corals protect algae and provide them with a favorable habitat.

Thus, symbiosis is a form of mutually beneficial cooperation between different species, allowing them to better survive in certain environmental conditions. Both symbionts benefit from cohabitation with each other.

There are many different types of organisms in the world, and we don’t always think about the fact that they exist side by side in symbiosis with each other. This close union allows cohabiting organisms to provide mutual assistance to each other and perform various functions in the ecosystem. Symbiotic relationship between different organisms

**Symbiosis** is the interaction between organisms of different species where they coexist and benefit from each other.

Symbionts can be either insectivorous plants and their pollinators, or predators and their prey, or simply residents of groups of organisms living together.

**Commensals**, that is, cohabitation between certain species of animals and plants. This cohabitation is beneficial to only one species, because their main food is another species, which will be eaten by another species. Thus, close contact between species does not occur.

Mutualists are a type of relationship between organisms of different species, representatives of different populations, as a result of which both interacting species benefit. Interactions are carried out according to the “yes-yes” scheme, when species bring each other the same benefit or, at least, compensate for the harm and do not harm each other.

Parasitism, including with strong mutual dependence, but also for parasites of significant benefit, as well as harm. Parasites are organisms that consume organic compounds at the expense of the host. This type of relationship is possible between cells of the same organism, for example, intracellular parasites. Examples include single-celled fungi (Leishmania). In general, many types of fungi, bacteria, and protozoa play the role of a parasite. It can exist inside another organism (from protozoa to worms), but parasitism is often described as the formation of two organisms: a pathogen (parasite) and a human organism. In these cases, the parasitic relationship involves the parasite receiving full benefits while the host suffers losses. Symbiological criteria for parabiotrophs (consumer relationships) are manifested in the fact that the changes made by the parasite to the host’s body are associated with its own survival. Populations of symbiotic organisms in nature can have a significant impact on the reproduction of their hosts by changing their abundance and/or distribution. In addition, insect hosts that were immune to the parasite were more aggressively attacked by the species than hosts.