Extrapyramidal syndrome

Extrapyramidal syndrome

Extrapyramidal system syndrome is a set of disorders associated with the functioning of various parts of the extrapyramidal apparatus. It includes the muscles of the limbs, muscles of the pharynx, oral cavity, pharyngeal and laryngeal region.

The formation of the extrapyramidal system syndrome occurs in accordance with the structural characteristics of the brain, genetic predispositions and the influence of external factors. The pathological process is based on a malfunction of individual neurons in the neural nuclei of the extrapyramidal motor system and a significant change in the activity of the extrapyramidal nerve centers located in the midbrain. Dysfunction of the extrapyramidal centers leads to a disorder of neuromuscular transmission, and a decrease in the proprioceptive sensitivity of muscles is observed. As a result, muscle tone increases, the strength of muscle contractions decreases, movements become awkward, tremors, spasms, and instability appear. In severe cases, voluntary movements stop, as well as disturbances in cardiac and respiratory activity. Pathology develops slowly, most often over several years. The main clinical manifestations of the syndrome: slowness of movements and speech, hypokinesia, increased muscle tone