Stenostomy (Stenostomia, Stenostomy)

Stenostomia (Stenostomia, Stenostomy) is a pathological condition in which a narrowing of any opening in the body occurs. This can happen anywhere there is an opening, such as the bile duct, esophagus, intestines, etc.

With stenostomy, the lumen of the opening becomes narrowed, which complicates or completely prevents the passage of contents. Symptoms of stenostomy may include pain in the affected area, nausea, vomiting, constipation and other gastrointestinal disorders.

The main causes of stenostomy can be different. Some of them include inflammatory processes, tumors, strictures, trauma, congenital anomalies, etc.

Diagnosis of stenostomy may require the use of various examination methods, such as endoscopy, x-ray, ultrasound, CT and MRI.

Treatment for stenostomy depends on the cause. In some cases, surgery may be required to widen the hole or remove an obstruction. In other cases, conservative therapy, such as medications or dietary recommendations, may be sufficient.

Overall, stenostomy is a serious condition that can cause significant impairment of body function. Therefore, it is important to promptly consult a doctor if symptoms appear and undergo regular medical examinations to identify and prevent the development of this disease.

Stenostomy (Greek στένωσις - narrowing + ὀστούς, ósos, πόνος - bone, pain) is a surgical operation that involves creating an artificial narrowing (stenosis) of a hollow organ. In surgery, stenostomy is used to improve the outflow of contents from a cavity, for example, from the stomach.

Depending on the organ in which the narrowing is created, the following types of stenostomy are distinguished:

1. Gastrostomy is the creation of a narrowing in the stomach, used in case of obstruction of the esophagus or stomach.
2. Choledochostomy is an operation in which a narrowing is created in the bile duct.
3. Cholangiostomy is an artificial narrowing of the common bile duct, used in cases where it is impossible to restore the patency of the ducts.
4. Enterostomy is an artificial narrowing of the small intestine, used for intestinal obstruction.
5. A colostomy is an artificial narrowing of the colon, which is used when it is necessary to create an artificial opening for the removal of feces.
6. Tracheostomy is a narrowing of the trachea, used when it is necessary to provide air access to the lungs.
7. Bronchostomy is a narrowing of the bronchus, used to provide access to air when there is a lack of it or the impossibility of inserting an endotracheal tube.
8. Cystostomy is the creation of an artificial narrowing of the bladder, used when it is impossible to urinate independently.
9. Vesicostomy is an artificial operation to create a narrowing in the bladder, used for paralysis of the bladder and difficulty urinating.

Stenostomy or stenosis

It is a condition in which connective tissue grows in the lumen of a pathological formation with a diameter of less than 2 cm or less. Depending on the diagnosis, the structure of the retroperitoneal tissue may vary, affecting individual sections of blood vessels, nerves, organs located next to

Stenostomy, stenostosis, stenosis (Greek stenos narrow, narrow opening, passage and stoma mouth, opening) - the opening of the anal canal, anus or urethra limited (narrowed or tightened) by a tumor, most often with cancer of the rectum, prostate or bladder

Most often, stenoses are detected during a diagnostic examination of the intestine.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination data, supplemented by data from instrumental and laboratory research methods.

The main diagnostic method is x-ray examination of the rectum using various contrast agents. Anorectal manometry is performed. The localization of tumors and the stage of the disease are clarified. Irrigography is most often performed. One of the most effective instrumental methods for diagnosing intestinal stenosis is endoscopic examination. Computed tomography with the introduction of a contrast agent into the affected area is highly informative. If necessary, a biopsy of the intestinal wall is performed. The histological structure of the tumor and the degree of invasion of the tumor into the intestinal wall are determined. To determine the extent of the pathological process, it is necessary to perform an ultrasound of the abdominal and pelvic organs, the chest, as well as an ultrasound of the scrotum. It is advisable to perform bone scintigraphy to identify bone lesions. It is extremely important to determine the level of acid-base balance in the blood. A clinical blood test is performed. The level of hemoglobin, the number of leukocytes, and the leukocyte formula are assessed. A biochemical blood test is required to determine indicators of liver and kidney function, as well as indicators of the blood coagulation system.

Surgical treatment may include emergency operations on a planned basis. In some cases, palliative procedures are performed to improve the patient’s quality of life and provide him with satisfactory nutrition. Conservative measures are used to compensate for food absorption. An important point is the correction of water and electrolyte balance. Hemodialysis and blood filtration using plasmapheresis are prescribed. Possible gastric intubation, enteral nutrition