Tumor Marker

Tumor Marker is a substance produced by tumor cells, which can be used to judge the size of the tumor and the effectiveness of the treatment.

An example of such a substance is alphafetoprotein. It is produced in increased amounts in some types of cancer, particularly liver cancer. Measuring the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood helps to assess the effectiveness of treatment, for example, for testicular teratoma.

Thus, tumor markers are an important tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer treatment. Their analysis allows the doctor to obtain information about the activity of the tumor process and timely adjust therapy.

In medicine, a tumor marker is a special type of marker that is produced in the body by tumor tissues. It is used to determine the size of the tumor, as well as to assess the effectiveness of antitumor treatment.

One example of a tumor marker is alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which is a specific marker for testicular teratoma in men. Testicular teratoma is a tumor that arises from testicular tissue and can lead to infertility. AFP is a protein that is produced by teratoma cells and can be found in the patient's blood and urine.

If the level of AFP in the blood or urine is elevated, this may indicate the presence of a tumor in the testicle. In addition, AFP levels may change during treatment, which makes it possible to evaluate its effectiveness.

There are also other tumor markers that are used for the diagnosis and treatment of various types of tumors. For example, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is used to diagnose colon cancer, and CA 125 is used to diagnose ovarian cancer.

In general, tumor markers are an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, and their use can improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the risk of relapses.

Markers of tumor growth and their significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases

A tumor growth marker is a substance produced by malignant cells, reflecting the processes occurring in the body at the level of a biological phenomenon. Determining a marker of tumor growth is important for cancer patients, as it allows one to indirectly assess the extent of the tumor process and evaluate the effectiveness of the applied conservative or surgical treatment. Basic methods for detecting tumor growth markers in the study of liquid cytological diagnostic material. The marker can be determined by cytochemical staining. The essence of the method is that when the cells under study come into contact with human erythrocytes with certain antibodies, an enzyme catalyst is formed, which allows for the qualitative identification of a marker of tumor differentiation. The method helps to study gliosis, poorly differentiated sarcoma, as well as determine cell adhesion factors and the rate of epithelial division. Another important method for detecting a marker by cytological staining involves the use of the enzyme rhodamine acid mixture, which is produced in cancer cells, adenocarcinomas. This approach is also used for diagnostic purposes to detect bilirubin, a marker of liver dysfunction and hepatocyte proliferation. Pre