Installation1 In Psychology

What is an attitude and how does it arise in psychology?

In psychology, an attitude is understood as a state of a person’s predisposition to certain actions or decisions in a specific situation. It may be associated with certain conditions, circumstances, characters and other factors. In order to better understand the principle of operation of attitudes and their consequences, you need to understand what causes them.

The first possible reason is the formation of attitudes in other people who influence the development of this reaction. This can occur through the mutual influence of people on each other’s emotional state: one person becomes a source of some stimulus or enhances those feelings and emotions that already exist in the second participant in communication. This example explains the mechanism of infection, that is, infection of emotional and sensory states through bodily contact, from one person to another. In order to confirm this theory, experiments were conducted where a person felt the anger of another in the laboratory and became more aggressive until he encountered similar emotions of other observers; In addition, when aggressive people communicated with each other, their aggression intensified. Also, this reason may relate to learning outcomes, to situations in which a person is taught to anticipate some action (such situations arise during intergroup communication). Thus, in experiments, scientists have shown that exposure leads to changes in the psyche of all people (even without the participation of a human experimental subject). There you can see the patterns of reaction formation, allowing you to draw conclusions about what each person’s reaction will be to the arousal of the emotions of others. In these experiments, people performed a task, the essence of which was to evaluate the feelings of their opponents caused by the judgments and behavior of stimuli. In the second case, research methods are associated with the study of what reaction to external influences a person is born with. But the reaction is individual each time: some subjects reacted stronger, others weaker. It is significant that people who experienced the strongest emotions from the actions and words of their opponents (negative, positive, indifferent) tended to form a negative attitude, while those who were calm tended to form a positive attitude. There are also two research methods: the associative method - to assess a person’s ideas about the outside world; the method of personality questionnaires - to determine the measure of one’s own aggressiveness, the balance of emotional reactions in relation to action, the strength and weakness of the nervous system. Data from these techniques can point the subject to the negative aspects of his behavior, teach him to manage his reactions, emotions, feelings, and gain a deeper understanding

Installation is one of the fundamental concepts of Gestalt psychology. Essentially, this is a pattern of the human psyche. **Features of mental attitudes include their unconsciousness, automaticity of appearance, inertia, disapproving attitude towards any of the alternative attitudes.** Attitudes correlate with the subjective qualities of a person and are innate. They are designed to minimize the loss of impulse, to control behavior in the direction of the maximum possible adaptation for the individual to the existing situation. Attitudes are created through experience. The basis for creating and strengthening a personal attitude is a mental gesture. The meaning of such gestures is much broader than just replacing verbal accompaniment. Below are examples of the two main types of installation and a list of methods for