Vaccinations

Immunization, vaccination) - the creation of immunity to an infectious disease by first introducing vaccines, toxoids, gammaglobulins, and immune serums into the human body. P. p. are carried out in order to obtain active and passive immunity. To create active immunity, vaccines or toxoids are introduced into the human body. Vaccines contain killed or weakened bacteria or viruses, in response to the introduction of which the body produces specific protective substances called antibodies against them.

Toxoids are often obtained by neutralizing microbial toxins (poisons) with formaldehyde. In this case, the toxin loses its toxicity (toxicity), but retains the ability to induce the formation of immunity. Vaccines and toxoids can be administered cutaneously and intradermally (for example, smallpox vaccine, tuberculosis vaccine), subcutaneously (typhoid vaccine and many others), intramuscularly (for example, pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine), orally (for example, polio vaccine) , through the nose (eg, influenza vaccine).

Each vaccine has its own, most effective vaccination scheme: the number of vaccinations, the interval between them, and dosage. Active artificial immunity occurs after completion of immunization in 2-3 weeks and persists for months and even years.

To achieve a constant high level of immunity, repeated vaccinations (re-vaccinations) are carried out depending on the characteristics of the vaccine after 6 months, a year or several years later (for example, smallpox vaccine) or according to epidemic. indications.

Given the ability of the human body to develop immunity to several infectious diseases simultaneously, complex vaccination preparations, which are a mixture of several vaccines and toxoids, are widely used.

To create passive immunity, immune serums and gammaglobulins (vaccine preparations containing ready-made protective antibodies) are injected into the human body. Such vaccinations are carried out when there is an urgent need to increase the body’s protective capabilities, create temporary immunity to a particular infectious disease, or reduce the severity of an onset disease.

Vaccinations are one of the important means of combating infectious diseases. Thanks to them, infectious diseases such as smallpox, polio, diphtheria, etc. have been sharply reduced or practically eliminated. In many countries around the world, extensive scientific research is being conducted to develop effective vaccines and methods of their use.

Vaccinations Preventative.

In the modern world, there are many different diseases that can become a threat to people's life and health. One of the most effective ways to combat these diseases is vaccination. A vaccine is a product that contains components of the virus or bacteria that cause a disease and allows the human body to produce antibodies that provide protection against that disease. Vaccination is the introduction of a vaccine into the human body. There are two main groups of vaccinations: * Preventive, the purpose of which is to prevent disease * Immunizing, the purpose of which is to treat and prevent the consequences of diseases Vaccination is one of the most common methods of preventing many diseases and reducing their severity. However, like any treatment method, vaccinations have their drawbacks and complications. A common consequence of vaccination is an allergy to vaccine components, which can be very dangerous to human health. That is why before vaccination it is necessary to carefully prepare for this process. Firstly, vaccination should only be carried out as prescribed by a doctor. The doctor must assess the patient’s general condition, make sure there are no contraindications to vaccination, and also conduct additional studies to assess the patient’s immunity. It is also important to follow the rules of post-vaccination reaction to avoid complications. After vaccination, you should not visit a sauna, bathhouse, swimming pool or take a hot bath for 3-4 days. To prevent allergies before vaccination

“Safety” vaccinations Introduction “Safety” vaccinations (or “immunization”, “vaccination”, synonyms) are one of the effective methods of preventing dangerous infectious diseases such as polio, measles, tuberculosis and others. This method uses a specially designed biological drug called a vaccine to prime the body's immune system against a disease. Vaccination creates the ability to protect against certain pathogens or viruses that can cause serious infection and even death. In this article, we will review the most important aspects of this procedure and discuss its implications for the health of patients and society as a whole.

What are “safety” vaccinations? “Safety” vaccination, or, as this method is also called, vaccination, is a method of preventing dangerous infectious diseases by introducing