Vaccine

A vaccine is a special preparation of antigenic material that is used to stimulate the process of producing the body’s own antibodies and creating immunity against a disease or group of diseases. Most vaccines are created by growing bacteria or viruses under special conditions under which they lose their virulence but retain their antigenic nature. Other vaccines contain specially treated toxins (toxoids) or dead bacteria, which, despite this, continue to retain their antigenic nature. For example, vaccines against tuberculosis, rabies and smallpox use live but weakened viruses that cause these diseases. Dead organisms are used in vaccines against cholera and typhoid fever, and weakened toxoids are used in vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus. See Immunization.

A vaccine is a special drug that stimulates the process of producing our own antibodies in our body to fight various diseases. This process is called immunization. Vaccines are created by growing bacteria and viruses under special conditions that allow them to retain their antigenicity and lose their virulence. Vaccines may also contain toxins and dead organisms, which also retain their antigenicity. Live but weakened organisms are used in vaccines against tuberculosis, smallpox, and rabies. Dead - from cholera, typhoid fever. And weakened toxins - from diphtheria, tetanus. Vaccination is the only way to protect yourself from many diseases.

Vaccine: Necessity, creation

Vaccine in Latin means cow vaccine. Some scientists associate the name of the vaccine with its origin from the word “vax” - to scratch a goat with a spear (the antonym of the word “bacca”, which marks their abstinence). The term "vaccine" was introduced by the English surgeon Edward Jenner in 1796. Before him, there was another name in the form of serums and vaccines, but Jenner was most widespread. It was he who was able to compare the occurrence of adverse reactions after vaccination and the occurrence of smallpox. In his opinion, the injected weakened disease virus from his shoulder allowed the body to develop sufficient immunity to fight the disease. The serum, isolated by him from the blood of people who were immune to smallpox, treated the consequences after infection. For this decision, Jenner was cursed by the British Academy of Sciences and removed from science. It was only with the advent of Ioan Bering that he became famous for his method of filtering tissue solutions from microorganisms and toxins from unpasteurized milk and blood. Then Bering first mentions a new type of serum - a vaccine.

Types of vaccines, history of creation

There are two types of vaccines: * Live: created by growing bacterial cultures or modifying them so that they do not cause disease, but only create an immune response in the body. After such procedures, the cultures are harmless to humans and other living beings, but their negative ability to infect humans still remains. A positive feature of the live vaccine is the rapid formation of immunity compared to other possible options. An example is the famous measles vaccine created by Edward Hahn after being infected with cholera.