Venous Plexus of the Prostate Gland

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The venous plexus of the prostate gland (*p.v. prostaticales*) is a complex formation consisting of venous vessels running from the urethra to the bladder and seminal vesicles with multiple branches to each organ. The plexuses usually anastomose with each other and form three large venous retroperitoneal plexuses: the left and right on the sides of the prostate gland and the middle one on its anterior surface.

It is one of the largest venous plexuses of the human body, localized in the pelvic area. The largest components of the venous vasculature are the superior and inferior vesical veins, both of their main tributaries are the iliopsoas veins and the vas deferens. The main function of this venous tract is venous drainage of the male genital area: the prostate gland, seminal vesicles and testicles. Venous vessels from the listed urogenital system effectively drain venous blood into the human superior vena cava system. As it approaches the deep fascia of the muscle covering the rectum, the venous blood vessel becomes thinner and finally passes directly into the hemorrhoidal venous process.

The size and degree of development of the venous plexus may vary depending on age, constitutional and other biological factors. In particular, with age, as the prostate hyperplastic thickens, the frequency of development and growth rate of this venous vessel increases, and this factor is even associated with the development of obstructive and chronic infectious prostatitis. With severe damage to the prostate gland, the formation of plaque, ascis from the blood, as well as the outflow of a significant volume of blood from this vascular system is possible. This can become a serious health problem in women undergoing surgery or childbirth and requires an active therapeutic approach. Among the complications, the most common are injuries and compression of the pelvic veins. If inflammatory processes in the organ are associated with organic pathologies of the uterus, blood vessels and respiratory system, obstruction can lead to increased blood supply. Both local dilatation of the pelvic veins and thrombotic lesions of the deep veins of the legs are observed. These conditions can be reversible thanks to urological diagnosis and surgical treatment, but the situation may worsen with diseases of the respiratory system and neurological symptoms.

Venous plexus of the prostate gland (p. v. prostaticus, pna): an anatomical review

The prostatic venous plexus, also known as the p. v. prostaticus or simply PNA (prostatic venous plexus), is an important part of the body's venous system associated with the male prostate gland. This is a complex and dense network of veins located near the prostate gland and plays a key role in its function and metabolism.

Anatomically, the prostate venous plexus is a network of small venous vessels that form around the prostate gland and penetrate its tissue. It consists of many veins that connect and form large venous vessels. The main components of the prostatic venous plexus include the prostatic veins, seminal veins, bladder veins, and rectal veins.

The functional significance of the prostatic venous plexus lies in its role in the blood supply and drainage of the prostate gland. It ensures the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the gland necessary for its normal functioning. The venous plexus is also involved in removing metabolic waste and toxins from the prostate gland through the venous vascular system.

It is important to note that the prostatic venous plexus has significant clinical implications. It can serve as a pathway for cancer cells to spread from the prostate gland to other parts of the body, especially the lymphatic system and bones. This explains why prostate cancer can progress and spread in the early stages of the disease.

Understanding the anatomy and function of the prostate venous plexus is an important aspect when studying problems associated with the prostate gland, including prostate cancer and prostatitis. Based on this knowledge, medical professionals can develop more effective methods for diagnosing, treating and preventing these diseases.

In conclusion, the prostatic venous plexus plays an important role in the functioning and metabolism of the prostate gland. Its complex anatomy and functions are of clinical importance and require further study to better understand prostate problems and their treatment.