Veins Lattice

Ethmoidal veins - v. ethmoidae (eustachian vein system). These deep veins drain blood from the orbit through venous openings in the dura mater. They anastomose with the sphenoidal veins. Veins on both sides carry blood to the cavernous sinus, and then to the common cerebral vein and to the bases of the anterior and middle cerebral veins. The incidence of the ethmoid veins (and the entire venous system of the orbit) is approximately the same as that of the pterygoid veins of the nose, other veins of the skull and venous sinuses.

The superficial retinal veins that encircle the lens (ciliary), through the system of ciliary veins, collect blood from almost the entire retina and, together with the short ciliary plexus, participate in the preparation of the limbus. When the eyelid is separated, all small venules are transferred to the conjunctiva of the eyelid, from where, near the eyelids, they can be connected into two - the anterior superior orbital and posterior inferior orbital - veins of the eyelids. The deep veins (anterior ethmoidal, posterior ethmoidal) are well developed, forming wide venous plexuses in the nasal septum and ethmoid bone, opening into the inner ear with separate openings. Through the spinous veins, the internal carotid vein originates, changing direction, from the superior orbital vein, and not from the jugular vein.

**Diagnostic capabilities and complications** Difficulty in the passage of contrast material when illuminating the ethmoidal canals along the upper nasal passage, on an x-ray and computed tomogram causes clinical manifestations. Facial pain, stagnation of bruises on the skin in the forehead area under