Veins of the Plumbing of the Vestibule

The veins of the aqueduct of the vestibule (v. aquaeductus vestibuli) are paired veins that pass through the vestibule of the nose and flow into the superior orbital vein. They are part of the venous drainage system from the nasal cavity, upper jaw and orbit.

The veins of the aqueduct of the vestibule begin from the walls of the nasal cavity, where they connect with the veins that drain blood from the nasal mucosa. They then pass through the anterior part of the nasal septum and enter the vestibule.

These veins play an important role in the circulation of the nasal cavity and orbit as they provide blood flow away from these areas. In addition, they help maintain normal pressure in the nasal cavity and prevent the formation of edema.

Pathology of the veins of the vestibular aqueduct can be associated with various diseases, such as sinusitis, rhinitis, otitis media, glaucoma and others. In such cases, the veins can become dilated and tortuous, which leads to impaired blood flow and increased pressure in the nasal cavity.

Conservative methods, such as the use of local anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, are usually used to treat diseases of the vestibule veins. If conservative treatment fails, surgery may be required.

**Veins of the aqueduct of the vestibule** are vessels that help saturate the tissues located in front of the entrance to the urethra with blood. The vestibule veins also play an important role in maintaining internal pressure in the bladder. Blood flow in the veins of the vestibule is caused by contractions of the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm.

The veins of the aqueduct of the vestibule are a branched system of vessels located in the intra-abdominal fatty tissue and muscles. They are deep, so they are usually not accessible to palpation or visualization. However, some people may experience enlargement of the aqueductal veins, which can lead to various diseases and health problems.

Among the most common diseases of the veins of the aqueduct of the vestibule are venous diseases, thrombosis and venous bleeding. Vein disease involves enlargement, hardening, and (less commonly) inflammation of the veins. These changes occur due to damage to the walls of blood vessels caused by the chronic action of various factors, such as hypothermia, physical overload, smoking, age and alcohol consumption.

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a vein. Vein diseases can be acute or chronic. Acute venous disease can be caused by injury or infection. Chronic can last a long time. In this case, changes in the composition of the blood occur due to the appearance of the sticky protein fibrin, which prevents blood clotting. As a result, blood clotting in the vessels increases. In addition, metabolic products accumulate and cellular elements are removed. This leads to dysfunction of the vein wall. Patients often experience weakness, fatigue, and difficulty performing physical work. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, inflammation or necrosis of the vein walls develops, accompanied by swelling and redness of the skin, and pain when touched. Purulent complications are possible. For the syndrome of saccular dilatation of the vein, methods of hirudotherapy, blockade with novocaine, antimicrobial suture, as well as wide dissection of the vein (surgical treatment) are used. Acute thrombophlebitis is manifested by weakness, elevated body temperature, impaired movement in the foot and lower leg due to pain, swelling, hyperemia and edema. There is a restriction of movement in the joint. Treatment of this disease is conservative. The patient is prescribed bed rest, physiotherapy and anti-inflammatory drugs. If the patient has a high risk of developing a septic condition, surgical treatment is performed - opening, removing the vessel wall through a small incision and freeing the lumen of the vein. It is also possible to inject an antibiotic solution into the wound or apply a bandage with ointments containing antibiotics. Sometimes antibiotics, anticoagulants, and local application of cold are prescribed to prevent infectious complications. In case of venous bleeding, in some cases it is necessary to take measures to stop bleeding from the vessels. If a vein is damaged, surgery is required