Medical Control in Physical Education and Sports

Medical supervision in physical education and sports is a system of medical supervision of individuals who engage in physical education and sports. This system is aimed at ensuring the safety and effectiveness of physical exercise.

In the USSR, medical supervision was a mandatory part of the training program for athletes. It was carried out according to certain rules and included a number of examinations and analyses. The purpose of medical control was to determine the athlete's level of health and identify possible health problems that could affect his physical fitness and performance.

Medical control included the following stages:

1. Analysis of medical documents. Athletes were required to provide their medical records, including medical history, blood tests, ECG and other examinations. This allowed doctors to assess the athlete’s health and identify possible problems.
2. Medical examination. The doctor examined the athlete to determine his physical condition and identify possible health problems.
3. Physical endurance testing. The athlete underwent physical endurance testing to assess his readiness for competition.
4. Health monitoring. After each session, the athlete underwent a medical examination to identify possible health problems and take measures to eliminate them.
5. Evaluation of results. Based on all the data obtained, the doctor assessed the results of sports activities and made recommendations for improving the athlete’s physical fitness.

Medical control is a system of scientific medical and pedagogical research of those involved in physical education and sports with the aim of developing the most effective physical training programs, assessing the quality of teaching and identifying the level of health of people involved in physical education. Currently, it is considered as an independent medical scientific direction, as a method and means prevention of morbidity among people who use physical activity in the course of their daily activities.

First of all, medical control is intended to determine the level of health of those involved in physical exercises, to prevent overload and fatigue of the body, as well as to study the effect of physical exercise on his body. Medical supervision is the examination of each person engaged in physical education or medical treatment, as well as the conduct of periodic medical examinations using special instruments and devices. Usually (on average), doctors monitor the activities of physical education and sports organizations at least once a month, and they have the right to give the corresponding physical education group a direct order to exempt individuals from physical exercise who, due to their health status, cannot continue work in this physical education organization.

Medical control is introduced in each physical education organization, taking into account its specifics. In secondary schools, first of all, a special day is allocated for medical examination of children, mainly due to the prevention of sports injuries. Sports competitions are held under the supervision of a doctor in order to provide timely assistance to those involved who have suffered various injuries, diseases, etc.

Physician supervision is a system of medical supervision of people and groups of people involved in physical activity. This system aims to ensure the safety and health of athletes and coaches. However, with excessive daily activity, excess load and, most importantly, lack of rest, overtraining and injuries are possible, which can limit the athlete in an active life. Medical control involves taking into account the health status of each student. First of all, this concerns the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous systems, musculoskeletal system, digestive tract, and skin. Activities that require heavy loads lead to fatigue of the body. The nervous system is exhausted. As a result, exercise weakens the body's resistance to diseases, metabolism is disrupted, and the musculoskeletal system and respiratory organs are overloaded. In all cases of physical training, it is necessary to take into account the degree of endurance of the body. This concept includes the ability to endure physical activity without fatigue and quickly restore performance after significant physical activity, including during work that requires maximum stress (for example, among athletes). Intolerance to prolonged intense muscular work is characteristic of people in poor health, especially those with a sedentary lifestyle. Medical control involves regular monitoring of students by doctors. The results of the examination are recorded in a special diary, which, if necessary, serves as evidence in the event of an accident. This document is issued to a student who regularly visits a doctor for blood and urine tests, as well as for other studies of the body.

Medical supervision of physical education and sports activities is a system of medical supervision of individuals (children, adolescents, youth, adults) involved in one or more types of physical education and sports. The purpose of the physical exercise test is to strictly determine the state of health at an early stage, identify initial deviations in the state of health and the ability to engage in physical exercise without compromising health. The history of the creation of a system of medical control in sports, as practice shows, begins with systematic medical examinations of champions of the Olympic Games and other major sporting competitions. It was first implemented abroad in 1896.