Introduction

Tumor growth is one of the most common causes of death from disease in the world. This process is caused by various etiological agents, such as ionizing and ultraviolet radiation, chemicals, viruses, genetic factors and others. In medical practice, special attention is paid to smokers, workers in professions associated with potentially carcinogenic substances, as well as people exposed to ionizing radiation and ultraviolet rays.

An important way to reduce the incidence of malignant tumors is to eliminate or reduce the influence of etiological factors. It should be borne in mind that tumors can be both benign and malignant. Benign tumors consist mainly of the same type of cells that do not differ significantly in morphology from normal cells, and rarely degenerate into the corresponding malignant tumors. However, benign tumors can be a stage in the development of cancer and sarcoma, so their possibility of malignancy must be taken into account.

Malignancy is associated with repeated changes in the genetic apparatus of tumor cells, which are prone to mutations significantly more than normal cells. As a result, new cell clones arise, characterized by sharp cellular polymorphism, atypia, germination into adjacent organs and the ability to grow in the form of metastatic foci in other organs and tissues.

A doctor who knows the clinical patterns and features of the symptomatology of benign and malignant tumors of various locations uses the most rational methods for diagnosing and treating these diseases. In this case, it is important to establish a diagnosis - whether the tumor is benign or malignant - immediately and clearly, taking into account the growth rate of the tumor. Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of some tumors.

Thus, understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of tumors is important for developing the most effective methods for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumor-related diseases. In the future, we will consider in more detail the features of benign and malignant tumors, as well as methods of their diagnosis and treatment.