Germ Shells

Embryonic membranes are structures that surround the embryo and are formed during the development of the embryo. They are parts of the germ layer that separate and form separate membranes around the embryo. In humans, the embryonic membranes are represented by the chorion (choriodecidua), amnion (amniotic membrane) and allantois (mucous membrane that forms the wall of the amniotic sac).

The chorion develops from the outer germinal layer - epiboly. It consists of two layers - trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. The chorion participates in the formation of the placenta and provides nutrition to the embryo through the villi that penetrate it. In addition, the chorion produces hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is a marker of pregnancy and can be used to diagnose pregnancy in the early stages.

The amnion develops from the inner germ layer, the endoderm. It is a transparent mucous membrane that covers the embryo and provides its protection from mechanical stress and infection. The amnion also participates in the metabolism between mother and fetus through the fluid it contains, amniotic fluid.

The allantois develops from the middle germinal layer - mesoderm. This is the mucous membrane that forms the walls of the amniotic sac. The allantois participates in gas exchange between the fetus and the environment through openings on its surface - allantoisal pores.

The embryonic membranes are an important element in the development of the fetus and provide it with the conditions for growth and development. They are formed during embryogenesis and are involved in various processes such as nutrition, protection and gas exchange between the fetus and the mother. Disturbances in the development of the embryonic membranes can lead to various pregnancy pathologies, such as miscarriages, premature birth, intrauterine infection and others.

The embryonic membranes or embryonic membranes are the membranes that surround the embryo and are formed from individual parts of the germ layers. In humans, the embryonic membranes are represented by the chorion (or placenta), amnion (or amniotic membrane) and allantois (or yolk sac).

The chorion forms the outer shell of the embryo and consists of two layers: endodermal and mesodermal. The endodermal layer forms villi, which are attached to the wall of the uterus and provide nutrition to the embryo. The mesodermal layer consists of cells that secrete hormones and growth factors necessary for the development of the embryo.

The amnion is the inner membrane of the embryo that surrounds it and provides protection from external influences. Amniotic fluid, which is located inside the amnion, provides nutrition and breathing to the embryo. The amnion is also involved in the metabolism between mother and embryo and protects it from infections.

The allantois is the last embryonic membrane that is formed after the formation of the amnion. It is a thin membrane that connects the embryo with the external environment and is involved in respiration and the release of metabolic products.

The embryonic membranes play an important role in the development and growth of the embryo. They provide protection, nutrition and metabolism between mother and embryo. Impaired functions of the embryonic membranes can lead to various complications during pregnancy, such as premature birth, miscarriage and intrauterine growth retardation.

In conclusion, germinal membranes are important components of embryo development and play a key role in ensuring its survival and growth. Their proper functioning is necessary for the normal course of pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child.