Duodenal glands [G. Duodenales, Pna, Jna; G. duodenales (Brunneri), Bna; Syn.: Brunner Zh., Zh. Duodenum]

The duodenal glands (or Brunner's gland) are complex tubular glands located in the submucosa of the duodenum and the initial parts of the jejunum. They are involved in the production of intestinal secretions and play an important role in digestion.

The duodenal glands are tubular structures that have a complex structure and consist of several layers. They are located in the submucosal layer, which is located between the mucous membrane and the muscular layer of the intestine. The glands have a length of 1 to 3 cm and a diameter of about 1 mm.

The main function of the duodenal glands is the production of intestinal secretions, which consists of enzymes, electrolytes and other substances necessary for digestion. This secretion is released into the intestinal lumen and is involved in the breakdown of food into smaller components, which are then absorbed into the blood.

In addition, the duodenal glands are also involved in the regulation of intestinal motility. They secrete substances that cause the intestinal muscles to contract and relax, which helps regulate the movement of food through the digestive tract.

Overall, the duodenal glands play an important role in the digestive process and are an important component of the intestinal system.

Duodenal Glands: Important Players in Digestion

Duodenal glands (G. Duodenales, Pna, Jna; G. Duodenales (Brunneri), Bna; synonym: Brunner's G., G. Duodenum) are complex tubular glands that are located in the submucosa of the duodenum and the initial part of the jejunum. They play an important role in the digestive process, taking part in the production of intestinal juice.

The duodenal glands are named after the German anatomist Johann Conrad Brunner, who first described their structure in 1687. They are numerous alveolar glands that branch and penetrate the submucosa of the duodenum. Duodenal glands consist of two main types of cells: tectal epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cells.

The cells of the covering epithelium are lined with microvilli, which increase the surface of the glands to absorb nutrients from the intestinal contents. They also protect the mucous membrane from aggressive factors such as acid and food enzymes.

Glandular epithelial cells are responsible for the secretion of juices necessary for the digestive process. The duodenal glands produce two main types of secretory cells: salt gland cells and alkaline gland cells.

The cells of the salt gland produce salt juice, rich in bicarbonates and chlorides. This juice neutralizes the acid coming from the stomach into the duodenum, providing optimal conditions for further digestion.

Alkaline gland cells produce a secretion containing mucin and alkaline phosphates. Mucin forms a protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane, preventing its damage and facilitating the sliding of the food bolus in the intestine.

The duodenal glands also play a role in regulating the digestive process. They respond to the presence of food in the duodenum and produce juices necessary for further breakdown and absorption of food. They are also involved in the regulation of intestinal motility and the production of hormones such as secretin and cholecystokinin.

conclusions

The duodenal glands are important components of the digestive system. Located in the submucosa of the duodenum and the initial part of the jejunum, they perform the function of producing intestinal juice. Duodenal glands consist of tectal and glandular epithelial cells, which are responsible for the absorption of nutrients, protection of the mucous membrane and secretion of juices necessary for digestion.

The cells of the salt gland produce salt juice, which neutralizes acid from the stomach, creating optimal conditions for digestion. The cells of the alkaline gland produce a secretion with mucin and alkaline phosphates, providing protection and gliding of the food bolus.

The duodenal glands also play a regulatory role in the digestive process. They respond to the presence of food in the intestine, regulate intestinal motility and produce hormones that affect digestion.

In general, the duodenal glands are an integral part of the human digestive system. Their functions include producing secretions, protecting the mucous membrane and regulating the digestive process. Thanks to their work, nutrients can be properly broken down and absorbed by the body, ensuring its normal functioning and health.