Anatomy of the knee and foot

The knee joint is formed by the insertion of two protrusions at the end of the thigh into the pits on the head of the shin bone. They are strengthened by an entwining ligament, a ligament that binds them in depth, and two strong ligaments located on both sides. At the front of the protrusion there is a cup, that is, the eye of the knee. It is a rounded bone, and its usefulness is that it protects against the rupture of ligaments and dislocation, which may be feared when kneeling and squatting, and supports the joint which is put to the test by the movement of the body in movement. The place for the cup is assigned to the front, since it has to bend sharply most often in the forward direction, because it does not make sharp bends back. As for the bend to the side, this bend is insignificant. Instead, she's supposed to arch forward, and that's where she gets the push when you stand up, kneel, and the like.

As for the foot, it was created as a tool for stable standing. The shape of the foot is extended forward, as this helps to stand by leaning on it. The foot has an inward arch, so that when standing still, and especially when walking, the foot has an inclination in the direction opposite to the raised leg, and opposes the raising of the leg, raised for movement, with due strengthening of support on one side, so that balance is maintained when standing.

The recess in the foot is also created so that when stepping on things protruding above the ground, a person does not experience severe pain, and so that the foot well covers what is like steps and ledges of elevations.

The foot is made up of many bones for several purposes. These include the ability, when necessary, to well grasp and cover the place on the ground on which you step. The foot grabs the trampled place, just as the hand grabs what it took, when the grasping instrument is capable of moving its parts and giving them a shape convenient for grasping. This is better than if it consisted of a single piece and did not change from one form to another. These utilities include the utility common to all parts of the body, consisting of many bones. There are twenty-six bones in the foot: this is the ka'b, with the help of which the articulation of the foot with the lower leg is completed, the heel bone, on which stability is based, the navicular bone, which forms the arch, and the four bones of the metatarsus, to which the tarsus is adjacent. One of these dice is similar to a backgammon domino, it is hexagonal and is located on the outside; thanks to her, this side stands firmly on the ground. In addition, five bones belong to the tarsus.

As for the ka'b, in humans it has a more cuboidal shape than the ka'b in other animals. Ka'b is, as it were, the most important of the bones of the foot, useful for movement, just as the heel bone is the most important of the bones of the leg, useful for stability. The Ka'b is located between the protruding ends of both "reeds", which cover it from all sides, that is, from above, from behind, from the outside and from the inside. Their ends enter the heel through two holes, wedging into them. Ka!b is located midway between the shin and heel. It provides them with a good connection, strengthens the joint between them and protects it from vibrations. The Ka'b is indeed located in the middle, although due to the arching of the foot one might think that it deviates outward. The scaphoid bone is connected to the ka'b in front by an articular connection. This navicular bone is connected to the heel behind and in front by three bones of the metatarsus, and on the outside with the cuboid bone, which, if you want, you can consider it a separate bone, and if you want, consider it the fourth bone of the metatarsus.

As for the heel bone, it is located under the ka'b. It is a strong bone that curves backward to resist impact and damage. It is smooth on the bottom so that you can walk smoothly and so that your foot fits snugly when standing. Its size is quite significant so that it can freely carry the body, and it is created in the form of an elongated triangle, which gradually narrows to the very end and goes outward at the arch of the foot, so that the deepening of the arch gradually increases towards the back towards the middle.

As for the metatarsus, it differs from the wrist in that it consists of one row of bones, and the wrist consists of two rows, and also in that it has significantly fewer bones in number. The reason here is that the hand has more need to move and grasp than the foot, since the greatest usefulness of the foot is stability, and also that the abundance of parts and joints would make it difficult to hold firmly and cover with the foot the place on which you step, since these parts tend to stretch and diverge excessively. In the same way, a complete lack of mobility is also harmful in this case, since the possibility of moderate, appropriate expansion is lost. After all, it is known that it is more convenient to grab with a tool made of a larger number of parts, smaller in size, and it is more convenient to stand with the help of tools that are smaller in number and larger in size.

The tarsus is created from five bones, so that each of them connects it to one of the fingers. And there are five fingers, and they are lined up in one row, since it is more necessary for them to be strong than to have the ability to grasp and grasp, which is required of the fingers of the hand. Each toe, except the big one, consists of three phalanges, and the big one of two.

So, then, we have said enough about the bones. All these bones, if you count them, will be two hundred and forty-eight, except for the sesamoids and a bone similar to the lam in the Greek spelling, i.e., the lambda.