A reaction Homograft

Reaction to Homograft

The immunological reaction of the recipient's body to tissue transplanted from an organism of the same species, but with a different genotype; interferes with graft engraftment.

Homotransplantation is the transplantation of tissues or organs between individuals of the same species. However, even with tissue transplantation from a donor of the same species, the recipient may develop an immunological reaction, since the genotypes of the donor and recipient are different.

This reaction is called a homograft reaction. It occurs due to the recipient's immune system recognizing the transplanted cells as foreign and triggering an immune response to them. Antigens of the major histocompatibility complex on the surface of the transplant cells are recognized by the recipient's T lymphocytes as foreign, which leads to their activation.

The reaction to the transplant is expressed in the infiltration of the graft by immune cells, their proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antibodies. This leads to damage and necrosis of the transplant cells, disruption of its functions and ultimately to rejection of the transplanted organ or tissue.

To prevent homograft reaction, the recipient requires lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to suppress the immune system. However, the risk of graft rejection remains high. Finding ways to overcome the homograft reaction is an important task in transplantology.