Acetonuria

**Acetonuria**

__Acetonemia__ is low blood sugar when the body cannot effectively use the glucose it gets from food. This can lead to a condition known as **Acetone-Induced Coma**, which can potentially be fatal if not treated promptly.[8] What is acetone? Acetone is a product of glycogen breakdown (glucose degradation) in the liver. It is formed as a result of insufficient carbohydrate intake, poor absorption of carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract and insufficient blood supply to the liver. In cases of acute acetonemia, this occurs for the following reasons: - insufficient carbohydrate intake - poor absorption of carbohydrates due to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - inhibition of insulin secretion by the pancreas in certain diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis or fasting

**Some physiological conditions can lead to an increase in the formation of ketone bodies or blood acidity**: - hypoglycemia - a drop in sugar levels below normal, usually accompanied by a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood - overeating - diarrhea (diarrhea) caused by any factor (from toxic poisoning food products to infectious intestinal diseases) - severe vomiting, including due to chemotherapy or poisoning[5].

In children, acetone is detected in the following conditions:

Acetonuria or acetonyemia, acetonyemia, ketonyemia (Greek ἀκέτων - “without vinegar” + ουρία - “urine”) is a pathological condition caused by the appearance of ketone bodies in the urine or the appearance of acetone in the urine in humans or animals. There are several reasons for this condition: an overdose of B vitamins, prolonged fasting, uncontrolled feeding of the animal with foods high in protein [1], as well as the release of ketones in cases of severe dehydration, intoxication (for example, alcohol or methyl alcohol), and fasting. Acetonuria was observed in marasmus, scurvy, typhoid and typhus, malignant neoplasms, etc.[2] The occurrence of acetonuria is a reaction of the body's enzymatic system to a lack of carbohydrates.

Acetone is a clear, flammable liquid with a slight odor. This mixture, containing large quantities of acetone, acids, fats, bile pigments, acid salts and base, has a strong diuretic effect. Acetone in the blood can be detected at concentrations of acetone and acetoacetic acid from 0.6 to 14 mmol/l. In a healthy person, the concentration of acetone in the blood serum does not exceed 0.3 mmol/liter, the maximum concentration is 4.9 mmol/liter.