Acne, Acne Vulgaris

Acne, Acne Vulgaris - inflammatory lesion of the sebaceous glands. The functioning of the sebaceous glands is controlled by the male sex hormone (androgen) contained in the human body, but the reason for the appearance of acne still remains unknown.

Typically, acne appears on the skin of the face, back and chest and is characterized by the presence of black central comedones with papules, pustules and, in more advanced cases, the formation of cysts and scars.

Acne is relatively easy to treat. In mild cases, they are well treated with local therapy using benzoyl peroxide; in more severe cases, the treatment process requires the patient to take long-term antibiotics or (this approach is used only to treat women) antiandrogen drugs such as Dianette (cyproterone and ethinyl estradiol).

In very severe cases or cystic acne, treatment with isotretinoin may be undertaken.

Contents - **What are acne and why do they appear?** - What types of acne exist and what to do if you have them? - How to treat acne in the initial stages?

What is acne (acne) and why does it happen? **Acne (also known as acne vulgaris)** is a dermatological condition that affects the sebaceous glands of the skin and can lead to the appearance of inflammatory lesions on the face and body. This condition can cause discomfort and a feeling of deterioration in appearance, especially if the elements are enlarged or infected. It can also have a significant impact on mental health and self-esteem. It is known that acne is provoked by certain chemical processes and hormonal changes in our body. Understanding what factors contribute to acne will help you better understand the problem and manage it effectively. Androgens, chemical compounds related to male sex hormones, may be responsible for the development of acne and its occurrence in both sexes. Increased androgen levels during puberty, pregnancy, or while taking certain medications, such as corticosteroids or some oral contraceptives, are associated with increased activity of the sebaceous glands, leading to acne. In addition, inflammation of the sebaceous ducts and seborrhea are believed to play an important role in the occurrence of acne; however, it is not entirely clear exactly what role they play in the pathogenesis of the disease. The disease can also occur due to excessive expansion of the sebaceous glands and a decrease in their ability to remove excess fat. Additionally, some studies link the increased likelihood of acne to genetic factors. Scientists are studying more than ten thousand genomes to study the connection between the gene and eels. The results of the study show that women suffering from acne have variants in the CYP27A1 and MC1R genes, which contribute to sebum production and pigmentation. The same variants are present in the genomes of families with a tendency to develop acne. There is also a relationship between location and type of acne with associated allelic variants. Men often experience severe acne lesions, mainly on the forehead, and women often experience spots or small acne. These changes appear to be associated with the DRD4 and 5HT1A alleles. There are also histosomatic response and inflammatory genes that control the susceptibility to acne formation and influence its severity. However, despite the fact that the connection between genes and acne has been confirmed, the main cause of the disease is still unknown. It is believed that the development of the disease is mainly influenced by a combination of genetic factors and external influences. Genetic defects and premature development of sebaceous glands - common in many inherited syndromes - are highly correlated with the appearance of acne in children. However, it is known that history of morbidity affects its severity, not the likelihood probability

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases, which manifests itself in the form of inflamed and painful formations on the face and body. Despite the fact that acne has been known for a long time, its causes remain not fully understood. The main culprits behind acne are male hormones that control the functioning of the sebaceous glands, but the exact relationship between these factors and acne formation remains unclear. This condition can occur on any skin, including the scalp, back, chest, neck and other parts of the body. Advanced cases of acne can lead to scarring and even loss of pigmentation, so it is important to start treatment as early as possible.

The clinical picture of acne vulgaris includes a number of elements such as blackheads (also known as comedones) and ulcers (papules and pustules), which can come in a variety of sizes and shapes. They can appear on any area of ​​the skin where there are sebaceous glands. Typically, acne is most noticeable on the face and neck, especially the T-zone.

Treatment for acne usually involves a combination of topical and systemic medications. Topical treatments such as benzoic acid peroxide or retinoid creams, gels, and ointments help soothe and reduce inflammation. Systemic medications such as antibiotics may be used in complicated cases or relapses. For women, antiandrogens such as cyproterone or ethinyl estradiol may be used, and for more serious cases isotretinoin is prescribed.

If acne appears, you should consult a dermatologist to prescribe the correct treatment. Dermatologists must diagnose and prescribe individual treatment depending on the severity of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient. Treatment of acne can take a long time and requires constant monitoring by doctors and self-monitoring of the patient for the regularity of daily skin care. However, thanks to modern treatments, acne can be effectively combated and, in most cases, left behind by the patient.