Amygdalotomy

Amygdalotomy: Division of the amygdala to treat mental disorders

Introduction:
An amygdalotomy, also known as an amygdala incision, is a surgical procedure that is used to treat certain mental disorders. During amygdalotomy, the amygdala, a key structure in the deep regions of the brain responsible for regulating emotions and behavior, is removed or destroyed. This procedure was developed in the mid-20th century and has since been used in some cases where other treatments have not sufficiently improved the patient's condition.

Anatomy of the amygdala:
The amygdala, or corpus amygdaloideum, is a paired formation in the shape of an amygdala and is located in the deep parts of the limbic system of the brain. It consists of several nuclei, including the central nucleus, basolateral nucleus and cortical nucleus. The amygdala plays an important role in processing emotions, forming memories, and regulating behavior.

Indications for amygdalotomy:
Amygdalotomy is generally considered as a last resort treatment option for patients suffering from severe mental disorders such as treatment-resistant forms of depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Patients who have not had an appropriate response to pharmacological therapy and psychotherapy may be considered candidates for this procedure.

Amygdalotomy procedure:
Amygdalotomy can be performed in a variety of ways, including a surgical incision or the use of radiation therapy. In the case of surgery, the surgeon creates a small incision in the patient's head and reaches the amygdala to remove or destroy its tissue. This process may be reversible or irreversible depending on the specific needs of the patient.

Results and limitations:
Although amygdalotomy may result in a noticeable reduction in symptoms in some patients, the effectiveness and long-term results of the procedure may vary depending on the individual case and patient. In addition, amygdalotomy carries certain limitations and risks, including possible damage to surrounding brain structures, changes in emotional regulation and memory, and the potential for unwanted side effects.

Conclusion:
Amygdalotomy is a surgical procedure that may be considered as a treatment for patients with severe mental disorders who do not respond to standard treatments. This procedure involves dividing or removing the amygdala, a structure that plays an important role in regulating emotions and behavior. However, amygdalotomy has its limitations and risks, and its use requires careful assessment of the patient and his condition. Further research and development in this area may help expand our understanding of the effectiveness and potential side effects of this procedure, which could ultimately lead to improved treatment for patients with severe mental disorders.

Amygdaloma is a disease associated with partial or complete destruction of the tissue of one of the parts of the brain - the amygdala. This results in decreased or loss of emotions, mood, motivation, ability to love, sympathize, show empathy, and engage in interpersonal relationships with others.

Amygdalotomy - dissection of the cerebral almond-shaped thickening - is performed by surgeons. The treatment is neurosurgical – that is, the intervention is carried out exclusively by a doctor specializing in neurosurgery. It cannot be done through an endoscope (using a special cutting machine) because there is not much research on the use of such machines on the brain. This operation is classified as complex, requiring highly qualified specialists and extensive experience.

The indications for surgery are the following:

Persistent manifestations of anxiety. For example, from phobias to panic attacks. Tendency to phobias, as well as obsessive states. If a person often experiences anxiety