Anthrax

Anthrax: An Acute Disease That Shouldn't Be Underestimated

Anthrax is an acute zoonotic infection that can cause damage to the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs. This disease is caused by the spore-forming bacillus Bacillus anthracis, which is widespread among domestic and wild animals, as well as in the soil in endemic areas. Anthrax spores are very resilient and can survive in soil for many years.

The source of infection is sick pets, and infection occurs through the skin, less often through food or by inhaling spores. The incubation period averages 2-3 days.

There are two forms of anthrax: cutaneous and septic. The cutaneous form is the most common. It begins with the appearance of spots, which then turn into copper papules. These papules then turn into vesicles, which eventually fuse together to form a thick, black, painless scab. The skin around the scab becomes swollen and red, and the body temperature rises. The duration of the skin form is 2-3 weeks.

The septic form of anthrax is more severe and can be fatal. It begins with a sharp increase in body temperature and severe hemorrhagic manifestations. A cough appears with the release of foamy, bloody sputum, which coagulates in the form of raspberry jelly. The development of pulmonary edema and infectious-toxic shock is the most common cause of death.

To confirm the diagnosis of anthrax, microscopy of sputum, ulcer contents and immunological reactions are used.

Treatment for anthrax involves the use of antibiotics such as penicillin, chloramphenicol and cephalosporins for 7-8 days. Anthrax immunoglobulin is also used to strengthen the immune system.

It is very important to remember that anthrax is a very serious disease that can lead to death if not treated promptly. Therefore, if you suspect anthrax, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. It is also important to take precautions to prevent infection, such as avoiding contact with sick animals and