Arrhythmias of the Heart

Cardiac arrhythmias

Cardiac arrhythmias are disturbances in the frequency, rhythm and sequence of contractions of the heart.

Causes of arrhythmias:

1. Structural changes in the conduction system in heart diseases
2. Autonomic, endocrine, electrolyte and other metabolic disorders
3. Intoxication and the effects of certain drugs
4. Congenital anomalies of the conduction system

These factors affect the main functions of the conduction system of the heart - automaticity and conductivity. This leads to electrical heterogeneity of the myocardium and the occurrence of arrhythmias.

Diagnosis of arrhythmias:

The main diagnostic method is an electrocardiogram (ECG). Most arrhythmias are diagnosed based on clinical signs and ECG data. Sometimes Holter ECG monitoring and electrophysiological studies are required.

Treatment of arrhythmias:

1. Treatment of underlying heart disease
2. Antiarrhythmic therapy itself is indicated for poor tolerability of arrhythmias and their hemodynamic and prognostic significance

Types of arrhythmias:

1. Sinus tachycardia and bradycardia
2. Ectopic rhythms
3. Extrasystole
4. Paroxysmal tachycardia
5. Atrial fibrillation
6. Ventricular flutter and fibrillation
7. AV block
8. Sick sinus syndrome
9. Pre-excitation syndrome

The prognosis and treatment of arrhythmias depend on the type of rhythm disturbance, the severity of symptoms, and the presence of an underlying heart disease. Correction of metabolic disorders and adequate antiarrhythmic therapy make it possible to achieve compensation in most patients.