Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is a disease caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, usually leech mold (Aspergillus fumigatus). It almost always manifests itself in patients suffering from various pulmonary diseases, and has three forms.

The allergic form most often occurs in asthmatics and can lead to the development of lung adhesions. The colonization form leads to the formation of balls of mold (aspergilloma); they arise inside pre-existing cavities in the lungs (for example, inside an emphysematous bladder or healed tuberculous cavities). Similar mold deposits can also occur in other areas of the human body, such as the eyes or sinuses.

In the third form of aspergillosis, the fungus affects the lungs completely and can even spread throughout the body. This form is extremely rare and is considered incurable. It is usually accompanied by a decrease in the patient's immunity.

Aspergillosis is a disease caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, especially Aspergillus fumigatus, which is the most common type of mold in this genus. This disease almost always develops in patients suffering from various pulmonary diseases and has three main forms.

The first form of aspergillosis - the allergic form - most often occurs in asthmatics and can lead to the formation of adhesions in the lungs. In this form, the body reacts to the presence of fungal antigens by developing an immune response, which causes an allergic reaction. Immune complexes gradually form, which lead to inflammation and the formation of adhesions in the lung tissue.

The second form of aspergillosis, the colonization form, leads to the formation of aspergilloma (aspergillomas). Aspergillomas are accumulations of mold that form in pre-existing cavities in the lungs, such as emphysematous blisters or healed tubercular cavities. Fungal mold colonizes these cavities and forms thick balls that can cause coughing, hemoptysis, and other symptoms associated with infection.

The third form of aspergillosis, the invasive form, is the most severe and rare. In this form, the fungal infection completely affects the lungs and can spread throughout the body through the blood or lymphatic system. Invasive aspergillosis usually develops in patients who are significantly immunocompromised, such as those receiving chemotherapy, organ transplants, or those suffering from HIV infection. This form is considered a severe and often incurable disease.

The diagnosis of aspergillosis is based on clinical signs, educational findings (eg, radiography, computed tomography), and laboratory tests (eg, fungal culture, immunological tests). Treatment of aspergillosis depends on the form of the disease and the patient's condition. This includes the use of antifungal drugs, such as amphotericin B or azoles, and supportive care aimed at improving the patient's immunity.

In conclusion, aspergillosis is a disease caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and usually occurs in patients with pulmonary diseases. It has three main forms: allergic, colonizing and invasive. Each of these forms has its own characteristics and clinical manifestations.

The allergic form of aspergillosis most often develops in asthmatics and can lead to the formation of adhesions in the lungs. In this form, fungal antigens cause an allergic reaction, which leads to inflammation and the formation of adhesions in the lung tissue.

The colonization form of aspergillosis manifests itself in the formation of aspergillomas, which are accumulations of mold in existing lung cavities. These cavities may be the result of emphysema or healed tuberculous cavities. Aspergillomas can cause a variety of symptoms, such as coughing, hemoptysis, and breathing difficulties.

The invasive form of aspergillosis is the most severe and rare. In this form, the fungal infection affects the lungs completely and can spread throughout the body through the blood or lymphatic system. Invasive aspergillosis usually occurs in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or having HIV infection. This form is considered a severe and often incurable disease.

Various methods are used to diagnose aspergillosis, including educational studies, laboratory tests, and clinical signs. Treatment of aspergillosis depends on the form of the disease and the patient's condition. This includes the use of antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B or azoles, as well as supportive care to strengthen the patient's immune system.

In general, aspergillosis is a serious disease associated with the fungal infection Aspergillus. Early diagnosis and timely treatment play an important role in preventing complications and improving the prognosis for patients, especially those who are immunocompromised.

**Aspergillosis**, or aspergillosis, is a parasitic fungal disease of the human body, which is caused by representatives of mold ascomycetes of the genus Aspergillus.

*According to the new clinical definition, this disease should be defined as “an inflammatory process, allergic or toxic-allergic, caused by the colonization of fungi of the genus Aspergillius inside a pathological formation, inflammatory area of ​​​​tissue or affected organ involving the lung, bronchus or other bronchial tree, as well as the brain or other parts of the central nervous system" [1