Biguanide

Biguanides: metformin and its role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. It is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) and dysfunction of insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Diabetes treatment involves many aspects such as controlling blood sugar levels, losing weight, improving lifestyle and taking medications. Currently, one of the most effective and widely used drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is metformin, a member of the biguanide group.

Metformin, also known by the trade names Siofor and Glucophage, was introduced into clinical practice in the late 1950s. This drug increases the uptake of glucose into skeletal muscle and slows its absorption in the intestine, which leads to a decrease in blood sugar. In addition, metformin helps reduce the patient's appetite and weight. Patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin lose on average 1.5-2 kg per year.

One of the main reasons why metformin has become the most popular drug for treating type 2 diabetes is its low incidence of side effects. Unlike its predecessors from the biguanide group, metformin rarely causes acidosis and does not have a toxic effect on the liver.

Metformin can be used as a stand-alone drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, or in combination with other glucose-lowering drugs, such as sulfonylurea or glibenclamide. In addition, recently new drugs have begun to be used to treat type 2 diabetes, such as repaglinide, a representative of the third group of glucose-lowering drugs. It restores the insulin secretion profile close to normal, which allows the pancreas to work in an economical mode.

In conclusion, metformin, a member of the biguanide group, is one of the most effective and safe drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its use helps lower blood sugar, reduce weight and improve the quality of life of patients. However, before you start using metformin, you should consult your doctor to ensure its suitability in your particular case and to avoid possible side effects. Biguanides remain an important class of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and the development of new drugs in this group may lead to even greater improvements in the treatment of this common disease.

Biguanides, or guanidine derivatives, are drugs that are used to treat diabetes. They act as sweeteners. Biguanides are a type of peripherally acting drug (they compete with liver enzymes). Penetrate into intestinal cells, enhance insulin secretion and promote its excretion along with urine. They act on the muscle, forming metabolites that activate insulin sensitivity receptors (the main target cells in the body). Maintains insulin levels in the blood, which reduces glucose activity. Phenylbiguanylamines and bisyldiisopropylamino have an antidiabetic effect. In addition, bisole-bisulfide acid and mebigyl benzoates stimulate the secretion of insulin-like polypeptide and amylin

Chemically biguanidosaur, but biologically their action. 1. Deamination of phenylagrin (the main precursor of uric acid). 2. Release of insulin from b-cells of the pancreas. 3. Use of glyceolytic enzymes. 4. Increased glucose levels

Introduction Biguanide derivatives (biguanides) are an important class of drugs widely used as antidiabetic agents. These drugs were first synthesized in the 1930s and have continued to be the mainstay medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes ever since. This article will discuss the importance of biguanides for diabetology.

Description The antidiabetic effect of biguanide is based on its ability to inhibit gluconeogenesis and increase glucose consumption in the body. The main advantage of these drugs is their ability to enhance glucose utilization by muscles and fat cells without additional stimulation of insulin secretion. This allows you to reduce the dose of insulin, which significantly increases the tolerability of therapy and reduces the risk of hypoglycemia.

Biguanide derivatives include such well-known drugs as metformin and pioglitazone. They have a number of side effects that can occur with long-term use of these medications, such as deterioration of kidney and liver function, allergic reactions, increased sensitivity to cold and flu, etc.