Diseases Congenital

Congenital diseases are diseases that arise in utero or shortly after birth, and their characteristic signs appear in childhood or early childhood.\n\n* **Infantilism** (from the Latin infantilis - children's) - an extreme degree of underdevelopment of all or many organs of the child's body. Children with infantilism are similar to adults in everything, only in appearance and differ from them even more. They are shorter than normal children, thin, often pale, and have irregular hair growth. Such children have a small skeleton, disproportionately short limbs, and a distended abdomen due to weakness of the abdominal wall muscles. But their digestive organs are normal.\n\n\n**Clinic.** The rate of development of the child’s body is accelerated compared to the physiological norm. Growth continues up to 20 years or more; in girls, growth retardation can reach 4-5 cm.\n\nThus, in children of preschool and primary school age, brain growth slows down, but the functions of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems increase. The heart is significantly enlarged: its size reaches 28% of normal. And despite the fact that the heart's mass usually decreases in proportion to the decrease in body weight, it still works quite well. Clinical and paraclinical studies have shown the presence of a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine system. Pathology of the endocrine glands is much more common,