Cell Mesangial

Mesangium is the inner layer of the walls of medium-sized vessels. It is represented by one or several rows of flat epithelial cells - perikaryocytes or endothelial cells. In this case, perikaryocytes are located on the basement membrane in several rows, and endothelial cells (endothelial cells) are located tightly in one layer (syncytium-like) surrounding the perikaryocytes. They belong to the connective tissue of the microcirculation system (tissue of organs and tissues of the second and third types).

Mesangial cells can be differentiated into functional divisions that perform various functions, including regulation of vascular tone and activation of the immune system. They play an important role in maintaining homeostasis because they regulate the balance of fluid and other blood elements in the body. Mesangial cells can also be stimulated during inflammatory processes, which leads to activation of the immune response in the blood vessels.

Some studies suggest that higher levels of mesangial cells are a sign of worse prognosis in a number of diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart disease. However, other studies have linked high levels of certain mesangial cell variants not only to negative outcomes, but also to positive effects in patients, such as reduced cancer risk or increased life expectancy.