Cytology Comparative

Comparative cytology is a branch of science that studies the features of the structure and functioning of cells in various species of animals and plants, as well as their evolution and adaptation to the environment. Cytology is one of the main disciplines in biology and plays an important role in understanding the processes occurring in living organisms.

Comparative cytology allows us to understand how different types of cells perform their functions and how they adapt to changing environmental conditions. For example, skin cells in humans and other mammals have different structures and functions that allow them to protect the body from external influences such as bacteria, viruses and other infections.

Studying the cells of different plant species helps us understand how they interact with each other and their environment, and how they produce food and oxygen for all living things. Studying the cells of various animals helps to understand what mechanisms are used to protect the body from disease and infection, as well as for reproduction and development.

In general, cytological research helps to better understand the processes occurring in living organisms and helps to create new medicines and technologies that can improve people's lives.

COMPARATIVE CYTOLOGY, a branch of cytology that studies the features of the structure and functioning of cells in different representatives of different kingdoms of the animal and plant world. The term "C. comparative" was proposed by the Russian cytologist A. N. Severtsov (1870). Currently, there are different definitions of comparative coloring, depending on which categories of animals are considered the objects of its study: all or only vertebrate animals, or only mammals, birds, amphibians, etc. Or comparative coloring characterizes the features of which - or a sign, quality or property of cell functions in different objects or some part of their body (i.e., an organ, tissue, cell or its organelle, for example). Based on the above, a general definition can be formulated: Comparative cell science is a branch of science (cell science) that studies the structure, functioning and characteristics of cells in a wide variety of, usually higher (placental, ovoviviparous and oviparous) mammals, birds and amphibians and other vertebrates, as well as in plants (e.g. Zhang, 2008). Similar features in the structure and functions of cells are found in the most highly organized vertebrates, representatives of all three groups of bony fish (sharks, rays, pliosaurs), as well as reptiles. Thus, most bony fish have special areas of skin from an unsegmented or weakly dissected plate, forming the general covering of the body, from which their axial skeleton begins. As a rule, a common characteristic feature of lameloderms is the presence of several rows of fused bony plates along the back, sides and tail, which have at least 5 rows of scales, replaced in some sharks by tubular bony plates. The entire body is covered or closely arranged with so-called scales