Crossing Polyhybrid

A polyhybrid cross is a cross in which individuals differ in the alleles of several genes.

In polyhybrid crossing, traits controlled by different genes are combined. For example, if you cross plants that differ in color, shape, and seed size, the offspring will receive different combinations of these traits.

The basic principles of polyhybrid crossing were formulated by Gregor Mendel. He showed that each pair of alleles is inherited independently of other pairs when chromosomes are distributed separately in the first division of meiosis.

Thus, when crossing organisms that differ in several pairs of genes, a free combination of the corresponding characteristics among the offspring is observed in accordance with Mendel’s laws. This is called polyhybrid crossing.

Crossbreeding is the process of crossing two or more organisms to create new genetic combinations. In biology, crossbreeding is widely used to study genetic inheritance, species diversity, and biological processes. One of the main forms of crossbreeding is polyhybrid hybridization, in which two or more genes are crossed to produce offspring with different phenotypes and genotypes.

Polyhybrid crosses occur in multiallelic, multiparental systems. In such systems, parent organisms are differentiated by gene alleles, and the latter represent different degrees of expression of the same gene. Polyhybridity is one of the main methods for studying the role of genotypes and genotypic structure in influencing the phenotype. It can be considered that the main purpose of polyhybrid crossing is to demonstrate most of the total phenotypic diversity, which is due to the individual genotype and somewhat less - the variability of the individual phenotype caused by the interaction of genes.

One of the important tasks of polyhybrid crossing is the use of the resulting hybrid combinations for the development

Crossing or hybridization of plants is the method of mating individuals that differ from each other in certain characteristics. Hybrids are the offspring that are obtained by crossing organisms of different species. For the formation of hybrids, it is necessary that the parents be homozygous, which is associated with non-separating chromatids during their division during meiosis. In addition, they must differ in one pair of alternative characteristics.

If you breed two pure varieties for different alleles of the same gene, and take one plant from the resulting individuals, then it will be heterozygous, which means it belongs to the intermediate type phenotype. Such plants are also called sterile. If you cross animals (including plants) from different lines, they also produce heterotic offspring. The famous scientist Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov showed