Dendrite Apical

Apical dendrites (D. apica-) - Complex branched processes of neurons (d. outer meninges, visual, auditory, olfactory, etc.), starting from the axon of one neuron and heading to the body of the next (adjacent) neuron. They are part of the dendritic ensemble of the cerebral cortex, which determines the integrative function of dendrites. According to the morphology of D. v. are divided into five types: 1) triangular, located at the top of the pyramids of neurons in the posterior sections of the occipital region, where they bear the olfactory neuroepithelium; 2) thin, intermediate and bifurcated, attached to dendrites of different neural types of the visual, parietal and temporal parts of the brain; 3) lamellar, short, well-developed and pseudodendrites associated with the structures of the corpus callosum and the projection areas of the cerebral cortex; 4) comb, highly axonal, mixed type, the terminal apparatus of which is directed to the lower surface of the medulla oblongata; 5) a highly branched cellular organ from the spinal cord.

Apical dendrites, apical dendrites (syn. etc.) are the terminals of small and medium-sized neurons of the central nervous system, providing contacts between nerve cells and external receptors. Usually they consist of one apicole dendritic branch, at the end of which there are open lamellar, ball-shaped, pointed, sometimes club-shaped endings. They are formed by associative and monosynaptic pathways of the visual, auditory and other sensory systems. They occupy a midline position in the thickness of the cerebral hemisphere. In the visual pathways, they participate in providing connections between the 2nd and 3rd neural levels of the visual pathways: from the I gene there are Escotalovus, Syndieusynaptic and myelinated fibers connecting the external geniculate electrode, ganglion and peripathic neurons, etc.; The peripheral apicolial reflex of accommodation and counter-accommodation is associated with these fibers. P. N. Rybnikov. In addition to connections with the fibers of the hindbrain, according to the D.V. there are connections with the nerves of the orbit (artery, VJ, carotid and posterior superior spinal arteries). During the ontogenesis of the development of the nerve cell body, the external arcuate branches (H-D.m), branching at right angles from the main dendrospiral branches, arise from the disc - the ventral embryonic fold, which divides the nerve cell body and forms an axial cylindrical formation. During division, the primary accumulation of cells has the shape of a cylindrical strip elongated along the sagittal axis. These structures, which become more loose as the cells extend to the surface of the cell body, are important for histogenetic processes. At week 6 they act as depolarizing and dividing cells, and later their projections indicate axonal elongation of cells. Ultimately, all of these structures will become the nerve end of the CNS and will therefore determine their functions. Cells, before leaving the inner cellular space, primitive nervous tissue or intraembryonic nerve mass, create tiny projections called undifferentiated dendrites around themselves. One after another, these types of dendrites are called apical, lateral, medial and terminal (i.e.