Diabetes

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common forms of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. It is associated with damage to the islets of special tissue located in the pancreas, the cells of which produce a hormone that regulates glucose levels in the body, or with impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin, or with a combination of these factors.

When blood glucose levels reach a certain level, glucose appears in the urine. There are two types of diabetes: insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent. Previously, they were called diabetes of the young and diabetes of the elderly, or diabetes of the skinny and diabetes of the obese. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is often familial in nature; it most often develops in children, young adults, or in adulthood due to weight loss. Type 2 diabetes is more common among older people who tend to be overweight.

In diabetes mellitus, blood glucose levels increase. Soon there is a constant strong thirst and an increase in the amount of urine. The patient eats a lot and, despite this, loses weight. Weakness and often itchy skin appear. The symptoms of type 1 diabetes are especially pronounced, and type 2 diabetes is often detected by chance, for example, according to a urine test done for some reason.

The complications of both types of diabetes are the same. Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin. There are several insulin preparations that differ in duration of action, individual effectiveness and tolerability. Treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin, including the selection of the drug, its dose and frequency of administration, is determined by the doctor, and the full effect is not always achieved immediately.

Patients with diabetes usually have to use insulin throughout their lives. The dose and specific drug sometimes have to be changed during treatment. Treatment with insulin requires great pedantry. If the patient forgets or does not have time to eat after the injection, he may develop an emergency condition associated with a decrease in blood sugar levels.

Besides insulin, there are other diabetes treatments, including diet, exercise and medications, that can help control blood glucose levels. For most people with diabetes, it is important to monitor the level of carbohydrates consumed in food and distribute them evenly throughout the day. It is also important to eat fiber-rich foods and avoid excess fat and simple carbohydrates.

Exercise can help lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity. However, before starting sports, you should consult your doctor.

Medicines used to treat diabetes may include tablets that increase insulin production as well as tablets that improve insulin sensitivity. In some cases, combination treatment may be required.

Complications of diabetes can include problems with the cardiovascular system, kidneys, eyes, nervous system and other organs and systems. Therefore, it is important to regularly monitor your blood glucose levels and monitor your overall health.

Overall, diabetes is a serious disease that requires ongoing medical support and self-monitoring. However, with proper treatment and control of blood glucose levels, patients can lead a full life and avoid serious complications.