Duodenal

Duodenal: Review of the anatomy and functions of the duodenum

The duodenum, also known as the duodenum, is the first segment of the small intestine and plays an important role in the digestive process. Let's take a closer look at the anatomical structure and functions of this organ.

Anatomy of the duodenum:
The duodenum gets its name from its length, which is about 12 finger widths. It is located in the upper abdomen, between the stomach and small intestine. The duodenal has the shape of a curved tube consisting of four parts: supraglottic, descending, horizontal and ascending sections.

Functions of the duodenum:
The duodenum performs several important functions in the digestive process. Here are some of them:

1. Neutralization of acid: The duodenal receives food from the stomach, which contains large amounts of hydrochloric acid. Here, the duodenal mucosa secretes alkaline substances such as bicarbonates, which help neutralize acid and create an optimal environment for further digestion.

2. Digestion: The inner surface of the duodenum is covered with many microscopic projections called intestinal villi. These villi contain cells that secrete various enzymes and hormones necessary for digestion. For example, pancreatic enzymes, bile and the hormone secretin are secreted here, which help break down food into smaller molecules and facilitate its absorption.

3. Nutrient absorption: In the duodenum and other parts of the small intestine, nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are absorbed into the blood and lymph. This is due to special structures called villi and cell covers, which significantly increase the surface area for more efficient absorption of nutrients.

4. Regulation of the digestive process: Duodenal plays an important role in the regulation of the digestive process. It detects the presence of food and releases hormones such as cholecystokinin and secretin, which signal organs such as the gallbladder and pancreas to secrete bile and pancreatic enzymes, respectively. This helps regulate the speed and efficiency of digestion.

Conclusion:
The duodenum, or duodenum, is an important segment of the small intestine responsible for acid neutralization, digestion, and nutrient absorption. Its anatomical structure and functions are closely related to other organs of the digestive system, such as the stomach, liver and pancreas. Understanding the role of the duodenum in the digestive process helps us better understand the importance of healthy functioning of this organ in maintaining the overall well-being of the body.

Duodenal papillae

Duodenal glands are localized on the mucous membrane of the distal part of the duodenum, in the form of individual glands or their groups. The most numerous gland is a large spherical ductal organ without excretory ducts, called the islets of Harry