Echinostoma

Echinostoma is a genus of trematode worms in the family Echinostomatidae. These parasites live in the bodies of birds, including domestic birds, as well as some mammals such as muskrats, seals and rats. They can also be found in shellfish, which are intermediate and additional hosts for these worms.

Echinostoma cause a disease called echinostomosis. It can be found in humans, but is very rare. Symptoms of echinostomosis include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and weakness. Treatment involves taking medications that kill parasites in the body.

To prevent infection with echinostoma, it is necessary to follow the rules of hygiene when in contact with birds and other animals. It is also necessary to monitor the purity of water and food to prevent contamination by shellfish, which may be intermediate hosts for Echinostoma.

Echinostomas

Echinostomas is a genus of trematodes from the family Echinostomidae. It is characterized by the presence of several thousand small spiny hooks on each of its body segments, which help it attach to its host and hold itself in place. These hooks eventually cause pain, nausea and vomiting in the owner.

Female Echinostomes have long protoscordia (flexible brood apparatus), which allows them to spread throughout the host's body with fluid and lay eggs. Giant species of this genus, such as *Echinostoma caproni*, can reach lengths of more than 4 inches. All of them, with the exception of some representatives, parasitize the bodies of birds and animals, including domestic waterfowl. However, some species, such as *Taenia ovis*, infect sheep and other domestic animals, and some others, such as *Trematodes inermis*, parasitize humans and small mammals. In animals infected with these worms, they can cause anemia, loss of appetite, seizures and diarrhea.

To prevent these worms from spreading inside the human body, you should wash your hands regularly, avoid eating raw or undercooked fish, and avoid contact with animals that may be infected with these parasites. For example, fruit shellfish are often infected with helminths when they are ingested by fish on which helminth larvae are present. Helminths attach to the tissues of the mollusk, causing irritation and inflammation. The shellfish begins to secrete a liquid with an unpleasant odor, which a person eats; consumption can cause severe stomach pain and dizziness.

Unfortunately, helminth infections remain a serious problem in many developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa, where people traditionally consume poorly prepared or contaminated fish. Treatment for these infections usually involves taking anthelmintic drugs such as trichidine, albendazole, or vermercine.

Although the most common manifestations are nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, some people infected with such infections may even die from extensive helminthiasis. This is because parasites can cause anemia and decompensation of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, treatment monitoring and health control are necessary, and