Emphysema Traumatic

**Pulmonary emphysema** is a disease characterized by obstruction of the air passages in the lungs, which leads to dilation of the airways and shortness of breath during exertion or during exhalation. This disease can be caused by various factors, including smoking, working in chemical production, inhaling dust and other causes.

**Traumatic pulmonary emphysema** is one of the types of the disease. This is the name for alveolar hypoventilation of the pulmonary parenchyma of secondary etiology. The appearance of a pathological process in the respiratory system is often indicated by mechanical damage to the chest, injuring the organs of the chest cavity. Changes in the body can occur after injuries to the cervical spine, rib fractures, incorrect calculation of the acceleration of the legs at the time of collision with foreign objects. Women also suffer from the effects of mechanical factors: they receive chest injuries during childbirth and gynecological manipulations. Every fifth patient with pulmonary emphysema had contact with traumatic factors. Most often, mechanical influences are involved - 62%, least often - chemical and toxic factors - 5%. Based on the complaints, three pathology syndromes can be distinguished. Symptoms are divided into two groups: * **Rarely occurring** Bad breath; Heart beat; Pink sputum; Increased breathing rate; Rising diastolic murmur at the apex of the heart. * **Common** Shortness of breath of a mixed nature, worsening in the evening (after work); Dry small whistling wheezing during percussion during exhalation; Mixed vascular insufficiency. Symptoms of respiratory failure occur to varying degrees in different patients. In some cases, there is a combination of pulmonary damage with cardiac and vascular disorders. In this case, we are talking about manifestations of chronic congestive bronchitis. Diagnosis is based on a description of pathognomonic symptoms, results of examination of urine and sputum samples, x-ray and fiberoscopy of the lungs; research data helps establish or refute the presence of a tumor or