Endometrium

Endometrium: Understanding the important layer of the uterus

Endometrium is the term for the lining of the uterus. It plays a key role in the female reproductive system and is essential for a woman's health. In this article we will look at the structure of the endometrium, its functions and role in the menstrual cycle.

The structure of the endometrium is a complex tissue system consisting of two main layers: functional and basal. The functional layer, which is closer to the uterine cavity, is subject to changes during the menstrual cycle. It is thicker and richer in blood vessels to provide optimal conditions for the attachment of a fertilized egg. The basal layer is located under the functional layer and serves as a source of regeneration of new endometrial cells after each monthly cycle.

The main function of the endometrium is to prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg and provide optimal conditions for its growth and development. If fertilization does not occur, the functional layer of the endometrium peels off and is excreted from the body along with bleeding during menstruation. After this, the regeneration process begins, as a result of which the endometrium is restored to a new cycle.

The endometrium also plays an important role in pregnancy. If fertilization has occurred, the fertilized egg docks with the functional layer of the endometrium and begins to develop, forming the placenta. The endometrium provides nutrition and protection to the developing embryo throughout pregnancy.

Abnormalities in the endometrium can lead to various female reproductive problems. For example, endometriosis is a condition in which endometrial cells grow outside the uterus, which can cause pain and problems conceiving. Other disorders associated with the endometrium include endometrial hyperplasia (abnormal thickening of the layer) and endometrial cancer.

In conclusion, the endometrium is an important part of the female reproductive system. Its structure and functions are closely related to the monthly cycle, conception and pregnancy. Understanding the endometrium and its role can help women maintain their health and ensure optimal conditions for reproductive function.

The endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus, which plays an important role in a woman's reproductive function. It consists of many glands that produce hormones necessary to prepare the uterus for fertilization and implantation of the embryo.

The endometrium consists of two layers: functional and basal. The functional layer is about 1-2 mm thick and consists of cells that can change depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. At the beginning of the cycle, the functional layer is thin and does not contain blood vessels, but as ovulation approaches it thickens and becomes looser. This allows the embryo to implant into the wall of the uterus.

The basal layer of the endometrium is located under the functional layer and consists of denser and less active cells. It provides support to the functional layer and helps it adapt to hormonal changes.

Hormones produced by the endometrial glands regulate the menstrual cycle and ensure the possibility of conception. During ovulation, the level of estrogen and progesterone in the blood increases, which leads to an increase in the thickness of the functional layer and preparation of the uterus for egg implantation. If fertilization does not occur, the level of hormones decreases, the functional layer decreases and the endometrium is rejected along with blood discharge.

Changes in the endometrium can be associated with various diseases such as endometriosis, polyps, fibroids and cancer. Endometritis is an inflammation of the endometrium, which can lead to infertility and other complications. Therefore, it is important to monitor the condition of the endometrium and undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist.

In conclusion, the endometrium plays an important role in the pregnancy process and reproductive function of women. It produces hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for embryo implantation. Changes in the endometrium can lead to various diseases, so regular examination by a gynecologist is an important step in maintaining a woman’s health.