Endotoxin

Endotoxin is a toxin that is usually not harmful to body tissue. It is contained within a number of gram-negative bacteria and is released from them only when the bacterial cell is destroyed or killed during its disintegration.

Endotoxins belong to a class of toxins that are produced by microorganisms and cause various pathological conditions in living organisms. They are different from exotoxins, which are released from microbial cells and can cause direct harm to body tissue.

Endotoxins have the ability to trigger an immune response that can lead to various symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea and vomiting. However, in most cases, these symptoms are the result of the body's defense system and do not pose a serious health risk.

Although endotoxins are not usually a cause of serious illness, they may play an important role in the development of some pathological conditions. For example, they can enhance the inflammatory process and lead to damage to organs and tissues in a number of infectious diseases.

In general, endotoxins are an inevitable byproduct of gram-negative bacteria. They do not pose an immediate health risk, but can affect the immune response and increase inflammation. Despite this, understanding the role of endotoxins in disease development may help develop more effective methods for preventing and treating infectious diseases.

Endotoxin is a toxin that is usually harmless to all body tissues. It is contained within a number of gram-negative bacteria and is released from them only when the bacterial cell is destroyed or killed during its disintegration. Endotoxins are part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and are a lipopolysaccharide complex that consists of lipid A, nuclear polysaccharide and O-antigen side chains.

Unlike exotoxins, which are released by bacteria into the environment, endotoxins remain inside bacterial cells until the bacteria die and disintegrate. When this happens, endotoxins are released into the environment and can cause severe inflammatory reactions in animals and humans.

When interacting with the body, endotoxins can cause a number of pathological processes. They are able to cause phagocytosis, activate the synthesis of cytokines, which in turn leads to an increase in body temperature, increased pain and many other reactions that accompany the inflammatory process.

Endotoxins can be used to diagnose infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as sepsis. Their presence in the blood can serve as an indicator that the body has an infection caused by gram-negative bacteria.

In conclusion, endotoxins are toxins that can cause severe inflammatory reactions in animals and humans. They are part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and are released only after the bacteria are destroyed or killed. Endotoxins can be used to diagnose infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. It is important to understand that these toxins can have serious health consequences and steps must be taken to prevent them.

**Introduction** Endotoxins do not have the usual name for exotoxins. This is for the best: the name exotoxin (“poisonous substances in a living organism”) is reminiscent of viruses. Many viruses (including hepatitis viruses, measles, polio, etc.) cause the disease or aggravate its course. But there are viral infections (influenza virus, herpes virus, AIDS virus) that also kill people, and very quickly at that. The word “poisonous” evokes negative associations and contains a lot of emotionality. Of course, endotoxins themselves are proteins, but the difference