Epicardium [Lamina Visceralis (Epicardium), Pna; Epicardium, Bna, Jna; Epi- + Greek. Kardia Heart]

The epicardium is the outer serous layer of the heart. It is a visceral layer of the pericardium and covers the heart on all sides. The epicardium is made up of connective tissue that contains a large number of blood vessels and nerves.

The main function of the epicardium is to protect the heart from damage and infection. It is also involved in the regulation of body temperature, as heat exchange occurs through it between the heart and the environment.

The epicardium is about 0.5 mm thick and fits tightly to the surface of the heart. It is covered with a serous membrane, which protects it from damage and ensures the movement of blood inside the heart.

In addition, the epicardium is involved in the production of certain hormones and biologically active substances that regulate the functioning of the heart and other organs.

Thus, the epicardium is an important part of the cardiovascular system and plays a key role in maintaining heart health.

The epicardium, also known as the lamina visceralis (epicardium), is the outer serosa of the heart. It is a thin visceral plate of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart.

The epicardium serves as a protective covering for the heart muscle and internal structures of the heart. It is made up of specialized cells that secrete a mucous fluid called pericardial fluid. This fluid lubricates the surface of the heart and allows it to move freely within the pericardium.

One of the important functions of the epicardium is to provide nutrition to the heart muscle. It contains a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart tissue. In addition, the epicardium plays a role in regulating heart temperature and is involved in the metabolism between the heart and surrounding tissues.

The epicardium also has important embryological functions. During embryogenesis, it plays a role in heart formation and development. It is involved in the formation of the heart wall and promotes the correct placement of the heart in the chest cavity.

In addition to its physiological functions, the epicardium has clinical significance. It may be a target for various heart diseases and studies. Changes in the epicardium may indicate the presence of pathological processes in the heart and help in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease.

In conclusion, the epicardium is an important structure of the heart for its protection, nutrition and embryological development. This visceral pericardial plate plays a role not only in cardiac physiology, but also in clinical practice, aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease. The study of the epicardium continues to expand our knowledge of cardiac anatomy and function, which may lead to new discoveries in the fields of cardiology and cardiac surgery.