Esophagophleboplasty is a surgical technique for treating the esophagus, in which the affected or ligated section of the vessel is replaced with a section of vein or artery of animal origin, or an artificial prosthesis made of material similar to human tissue. The prosthesis connects to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and replaces the esophageal defect. In most cases, the vessel is reconstructed from the patient's own veins. When performing operations, general anesthesia is not required during the entire procedure, but long-term hospitalization is required from 3-5 days to 4 weeks. To ensure the best results, the surgeon must perform the operation in the best therapeutic window. Indications for surgery are the condition of the esophagus of the distal stomach (B- and C-type) resulting from asphyxial syndrome due to burns, foreign bodies, primary esophopathy, trauma, endophytic-type adenomas, benign and malignant neoplasms, as well as paraesophageal diverticula.
Esophagophleoplasty can also be performed for Mallory-Weiss syndrome, when a circular scar surrounds the space between the crura of the diaphragm, covering its posterior mediastinum. If this defect affects the upper lateral part of the diaphragm or the esophagus, then symptoms such as dysphagia, regurgitation, cough and shortness of breath occur.