Genetics Evolutionary

The genetic problem ================= Evolution and genetics are nothing more than constantly interacting parts of a single process. However, humanity knows of many situations when various natural events (geological disasters, meteorite falls) “interfered” with this process and disrupted it.

Evolutionary genetics - section G.

**Genetics** is the science of inheritance encoded in genes. Speciation is the process of formation of a new species through the accumulation of significant and irreversible changes in the properties of many generations. The species is stable and adapts to its environment. In natural populations, there is a constant struggle for existence due to the fact that individuals of different sexes produce different numbers of offspring (in each generation, females produce fewer offspring than males). There may be constant shifts (fluctuations) in the numerical ratios of individuals of different sexes - imbalance between the sexes due to the reproduction, death and immigration of individuals into the population. The formation of new mutations is possible, as well as the participation in heterosis of two allelic genes of heterogeneity (dizygotic) of multiple twins. For example, when crossing two pure pea lines, the length of the stems in the first generation is equal to the arithmetic mean of the length of the stems of the paternal and maternal lines. The new generation, however, is becoming more diverse as time goes on. Thus, after each generation, the size and genotypic composition of the population tend to expand. Such characters are referred to as macro- and microcharacters (stem length), as well as the driving forces of speciation (difficult and favorable conditions). Poppy