Genotype

Genotype is the hereditary constitution of a given individual (in general or in relation to a given hereditary characteristic); the set of genes she has.

The genotype is determined by the set of alleles that an individual has inherited from his parents. The genotype is formed during fertilization and remains unchanged throughout the life of the organism (with the exception of mutations).

The genotype reflects the genetic potential of the organism and is the basis for the formation of its phenotype. However, the final characteristics and properties of the organism (phenotype) depend not only on the genotype, but also on environmental factors.

Thus, the genotype is a set of hereditary information encoded in the genes of an organism and plays a key role in the transmission of traits from generation to generation.

Genotype - a set of genes of an organism. The set of genes determines the phenotype - a set of external and internal characteristics of the organism.

Genes responsible for the development of traits are called alleles. An allele of a gene (from the Greek allēlon - “friend”) is a variant of a given gene, present in a single copy in the genotype. If an organism has two alleles of one gene, then such an organism is called digomozygous, if the alleles are different - heterozygous.

The genotypes of living organisms can be dominant And recessive. A dominant gene appears in the phenotype even if it is in a recessive state. A recessive gene does not manifest itself in the phenotype by itself, only in combination with a dominant allele.

In some cases, two recessive genes may be in the same genotype and lead to the appearance of a new trait that was not found in the parents. This phenomenon is called mutation.

The phenotype (external and internal characteristics of the organism) is determined by the interaction of the genotype and environmental conditions.