Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). Hyperthyroidism can be caused by a variety of reasons, including thyroid tumors, autoimmune diseases, dietary iodine deficiency, viral infections, etc. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include increased excitability, anxiety, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent urination, menstrual irregularities and other changes in the functioning of the body. In some cases, hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, diarrhea, weakness and other problems with the functioning of organs and systems.

To diagnose hyperthyroidism, we use the determination of the level of free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3) in the blood, as well as an analysis for antibodies to the thyroid gland (thyroglobulin and antibodies to microsomal antigens).

Hyperthyroidism is a syndrome caused by increased function of the thyroid gland, characterized by metabolic disorders such as thyrotoxicosis. Clinical manifestations of thyrotoxic goiter are enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter), increased basal metabolism, thyrotoxic myocardial dystrophy, toxic damage to the nervous system, eyes and internal organs. Mental disorders are observed, mainly increased excitability, sleep disturbances with drowsy states, in some cases outcomes in a severe form of neurasthenia or psychosis are possible. Increased function of the thyroid gland can develop in a number of diseases, but most often this is observed in diffuse toxic goiter, multinodular toxic goiter, toxic adenoma. An increase in thyroid hormones causes all the clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis, developing in a certain sequence: the goiter reaches its maximum size several weeks before the onset of cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric symptoms, while the size of the gland often significantly exceeds the size of the heart. Thyrotoxic goiter is accompanied by an increase in the absorption of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland, which, with various scanning methods, can be used in the diagnosis of diffuse goiter. Goiter often occurs due to diffuse toxic goiter and is characterized by a rapid increase in the volume of the gland and diffuse tissue damage. Rare forms of hyperthyroidism include Greve's disease, which is associated with the formation of small cells with a diameter of 25-40 microns in the thyroid tissue.