Gliocyte Supporting Fiber (G. Sustentantes Fibrae, Lnh; Syn. Müller Cells)

Glyocytes supporting fibers (G. sustentantes fibrae; syn. Muller cells) are G. that extend from the outer to the inner border of the retina and form its skeleton, which allows them to maintain the structure and shape of the retina. These cells are also known as Müllerian cells, after the German biologist Ernst Heinrich Müller, who first described them in 1887.

Glyocytes, which support fibers, play an important role in maintaining retinal structure and function. They are in direct contact with photoreceptors such as rods and cones and provide them with protection. In addition, these cells are involved in regulating the level of fluid inside the retina, which helps maintain its shape and transparency.

There are several types of gliocytes that support the fibers. Some of them secrete special substances called neurotrophic factors that promote the survival and growth of neurons. Other types of gliocytes may be involved in the process of regeneration of damaged neurons and fibers.

Impaired functioning of glial cells can lead to various retinal diseases such as macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and others. Therefore, the study of these cells and their role in retinal health is an important direction in medicine and biology.

Introduction:

Gliocytos sustentantes fibras (GSF) are specialized support cells of the retinal inner cytoplasmic structure (CLS) that are found in the middle of the retinal inner layer and are responsible for providing mechanical strength and structural integrity.

Recent studies have shown that GSFs play an important role in the occurrence and progression of various retinal diseases. In this regard, studying their functions and structure is key to understanding the mechanisms of development of retinal pathology and developing new methods for diagnosing and treating diseases associated with the retina. 1. Classification GSF are the second most abundant cells in the CLS after Müller cells, determining the correct structural organization of the CLS. They contain both axon and dendrites and have the ability to divide and differentiate. The high ability of GSF to divide allows them to cope with attacks on their structural integrity during eye growth and development. Cell division is under environmental control (signal driven),