Gonion

Gonion: what is it and what is its significance in medicine and anatomy

Gonion (from the Greek word "gonia", meaning angle) is a point on the lower jaw that is located at the angle between the horizontal plane and a line running vertically through the back of the ear. The gonion is also called the mandibular angular point.

The gonion is of great importance in anatomy and medicine, since it is the point at which the connection of the lower jaw and the skull occurs. This point is an important landmark when performing various surgical operations on the face and maxillofacial area.

For example, to assess the asymmetry of the lower jaw and correctly diagnose its deformities, goniometry is used, which measures the angles between the gonion and other points on the face and skull. These measurements can help in planning surgical interventions such as bite correction and mandibular reconstruction after trauma or tumor.

Gonion can also be used in dentistry to determine the position of the mandible and its interaction with the maxilla. This could help create more effective dentures and orthodontic appliances.

In conclusion, the gonion is an important point in anatomy and medicine that has many applications in surgery, dentistry and other fields. Its measurement and evaluation can help in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases associated with the mandible and facial region.

Gongion is the corner point of the chewing surface of the jaw in the area of ​​closure with the teeth of the opposite lower jaw. It is formed when the corners of the alveolar arch connect with the corners of the base of the lower jaw and the protrusion of the mental foramen.

Angular mesial gonionont of the lower jaw, located on the side of the chewing teeth. Lies at the intersection of the articular and chewing surfaces of the alveolar process. It has an oval shape, convex anteriorly. Located on the 43rd premolar. Protrudes from the mylohyoid line downwards, reaching the angle formed by the lower corners of the jaw. On the lateral and medial sides, it is connected by an intermaxillary point with the same side of the lower jaw. Posteriorly, the gonioalveolar process is connected to the lower jaw by the pyramidal ligament.

Pathological changes are caused by the development of tumor formations or an inflammatory process. More often observed in chronic periodontitis. In patients with malocclusions accompanied by excessive downward traction of the lower jaw (shift of the lower jaw during contraction of the masticatory muscles of the lower jaw), damage to the mandibular rut occurs as a result of increased pressure of the lower jaw on the lower jaw (overload) and, therefore, a constant increase in the forces acting on it . A painful point deformation occurs, followed by irreversible death of bone tissue. Isolated direct losses and atrophies.

They usually occur due to occlusal overload, that is, too much pressure on the upper jaw of the lower jaw during chewing and speaking. Mainly the front teeth are overloaded; the lateral and distant teeth are not overloaded, since their chewing surfaces face the cheek. In this case, the lower jaw is more loaded than the upper jaw, because a greater shear force acts on it. In people whose front teeth are connected to each other by fillings instead of living teeth (the so-called “rotten” front tooth), the adaptation period to fixed dentures averages about two weeks, and sometimes up to two months. On the contrary, patients with vital teeth usually adapt to the prosthesis within one or two weeks. This occurs due to the adaptation of the skin to the prosthetic base, usually due to the strengthening of transverse skin folds. The adaptation period can be shortened or increased, in particular, by a decrease in interalveolar height. Intracanal overload occurs in the presence of prepared canals located on the lingual side of the mandibular molars. It is caused by overload of the crowns, which is directly affected by the dental structure. This overload most often occurs in people with curved crowns and/or crowns with a large convergence angle. In addition, these phenomena can occur due to improper alignment of teeth and position anomalies. The consequences of long-term fixation may be a pathological overload of the teeth, especially those most sensitive to the influence on the crown of the chewing teeth, located next to the teeth that have constant direct contact with the teeth. Dental frames can also be exposed to excessive stress during direct dentistry.