Puerperal Infection

Title: Puerperal Infection: a complication after childbirth

Introduction:
A postpartum infection, also known as a puerperal infection, is an infection of the genitals that occurs as a complication after childbirth. This condition can be serious and requires immediate medical attention. In this article, we will look at the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of postpartum infection, as well as the precautions you can take to prevent it.

Causes:
Postpartum infection usually develops as a result of the introduction of bacteria into a woman's genitals during the birth process. This can happen if sterility is broken during childbirth or as a result of a pre-existing infection in the mother's body. The risk of developing a postpartum infection increases with instrumental delivery, prolonged labor, a weak maternal immune system, or other medical conditions.

Symptoms:
Postpartum infection can present with a variety of symptoms, which may include:

1. Increased body temperature and fever.
2. Pain or discomfort in the uterus or abdomen.
3. Unpleasant odor of discharge from the genital tract.
4. Increased amount and change in color of discharge from the genital tract.
5. Swelling, redness, or pain in the wound area after a cesarean section or episiotomy.
6. Pain when urinating or unusual changes in urine.

Diagnostics:
To diagnose an infection, a postpartum doctor may perform the following procedures:

1. Physical examination, including examination of the genitals and assessment of symptoms.
2. A blood test to determine if inflammation or infection is present.
3. Taking samples of secretions from the genital tract for laboratory analysis and identification of infectious agents.

Treatment:
Treatment for postpartum infection usually includes antibiotics to combat the infectious organism. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to drugs. Your doctor may also recommend taking painkillers to relieve pain and antipyretics to lower your body temperature.

Prevention:
There are some precautions you can take to prevent postpartum infections:

1. Maintain good hand hygiene before and after caring for your newborn and changing pads.
2. Proper use and care of wounds following cesarean section or episiotomy.
3. Use of sterile instruments and supplies during childbirth.
4. Maintaining general health, including eating a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and taking vitamins or medications recommended by your doctor.
5. Following your doctor's recommendations for controlling and treating pre-existing infections or medical conditions before and after childbirth.

Conclusion:
Postpartum infection is a serious complication after childbirth and requires medical intervention. It is important to pay attention to any unusual symptoms, such as fever, pain, or changes in discharge, and contact your doctor immediately. Taking precautions and proper treatment can help prevent the development of postpartum infections and ensure the health of the mother after childbirth.

Infection after childbirth is one of the main risks. Many women experience infection after childbirth, and this can become a serious health problem.

Diagnosis and Treatment Problems associated with infections during or after childbirth are treated with antibiotic therapy. In case of chronic or unresolved infection, additional measures may be required,

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Genital tract infections occupy a large place in gynecology and obstetrics. They make up about 90% of all inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs. The main sources of infection in the body include: 1. Mechanical irritation of the walls of the genital organs during sexual intercourse (sometimes ectopic pregnancies are observed). 2. Inflammatory process in the presence of chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma and other pathogens in the genitals. 3. Violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes of the vagina during various abortions (artificial and spontaneous, timely and late, medical, criminal, home), pathological course of labor, abortion when parts of the placenta are left, cervical ruptures, the use of instruments during medical abortion or without it. 4. Hematogenous route - penetration of the infectious agent through the blood from other foci of infection. 5. Infection through an ascending route, that is, through irrational douching, a sharp disruption of the natural microflora of the vagina, and non-compliance with hygiene rules. 6. Long-term existence of a chronic inflammatory process.

Infection of the fetus occurs no later than 72 hours after it is born. The most common source of infection is vaginal fluid. Depending on the type of pathogen, the period before the onset of infection varies. For pyelo- and enterococcal infections, it takes only a few hours; E. coli, streptococci and staphylococci survive for a day. Hormonal protection (vaginal lubrication) is considered the strongest protection against infection, so the incidence of this infection is low, but it does exist. First of all, the pregnant woman is worried about the temperature, the presence of pain when urinating; pain during defecation and tenderness in the lower abdomen. With increasing pressure, all these manifestations intensify. The temperature rises to 38°C. Then the pregnant woman’s condition returns to normal. After an hour, the temperature rises sharply, becoming above 39°C, after a short time the appetite disappears, and weakness appears. At this stage, the disease can no longer be determined by external signs. Oddly enough, at this stage it is almost impossible to detect it using instrumental methods, including ultrasound. Treatment of infection is with antibiotics. The dosage of the drug is calculated only by the attending physician based on the woman’s appearance (the group of antibiotics is selected by the doctor depending on the disease being diagnosed, and doctors calculate the dosage in each case individually). The following groups of antibiotics are usually prescribed: