Insulin

Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas and plays a key role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

After eating, carbohydrates are broken down during digestion into the monosaccharide glucose, which is absorbed into the blood. An increase in blood glucose levels stimulates the pancreas to release insulin.

Insulin, entering the bloodstream, “opens the doors” of cells for the transport of glucose from the blood into the cells. There, glucose is used for energy or stored as glycogen. Thus, insulin reduces the concentration of glucose in the blood.

When insulin is insufficient or its action is impaired, hyperglycemia develops - increased blood sugar levels, which is characteristic of diabetes mellitus.

Insulin is widely used to treat type 1 diabetes, in which the pancreas does not produce insulin. The administration of insulin allows normalization of carbohydrate metabolism in this disease.

Insulin is one of the most important hormones that plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels. It is produced in the pancreas and released into the bloodstream in response to increased blood glucose levels, which helps the body regulate glucose levels and maintain stable levels.

Insulin binds to receptors on the surface of cells found in the liver, muscles and fatty tissues. When insulin binds to the receptor, it triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions that lead to a decrease in blood glucose levels by increasing its use by cells.

However, if blood glucose levels are low, insulin is not produced or not enough is produced. This can lead to the development of diabetes, where the body cannot use glucose effectively and blood glucose levels remain high.

In addition, insulin plays an important role in the metabolism of fats and proteins, as well as in the regulation of tissue growth and development. Therefore, impaired insulin production can lead to various diseases, including obesity, diabetes, impaired growth and tissue development, and other diseases.

Thus, insulin is an important hormone that plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels and other metabolic processes. Its production and function can be impaired in various diseases, so it is necessary to monitor blood glucose levels and take measures to maintain normal insulin levels.