Isocortex

In the terminology of the physiology of the nervous system, the isocortex plays the role of the first section of the brain, which has no representation in the spinal cord, but forms a single whole with another section of the brain - the neocortex. The cortex (from the Latin cortex cerebri, which means cortex, layer of brain tissue, or more correctly “outer cortex”) is the outermost and most recently developed part of the brain in mammals.

The cortex is characterized by fine heterogeneity and high functional specificity. There are no central gyri in the second hemisphere of the cortex. The hemisphere contains several cortical fields: the occipital-temporo-parietal field, the frontal-posterior parietal field, the insula, and the weak lobar region. A less distinct boundary between the inner and outer cortex is observed in newborns. Over time, the boundary between cortical areas becomes sharper. Cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the cerebrospinal fluid gaps of the inner cortex. Within the cortical field there are pyramidal, p. ombite stripes and triangular loops, hippocampus.

In addition to these anatomical features, the cortical hemisphere differs in its chemical and morphological structure, as well as differences in the form of surface cytoarchitectonics. The differences are not enough to consider the cortical region functionally independent in relation to the inner cortex. More specifically, they can be classified as two areas of the monotonous midbrain associated with afferent perception of stimulation. In phylogenesis, the outer cortex of the cerebral hemispheres develops much later than the cortical nuclei of the brain stem and is a consequence of functional divergence in the three-dimensional space of the cortical field. From birth, the cortex has two main layers of cell bodies: the outer larger one - the neocortical zone and the inner thin one - the prefrontal layer. Under each layer there is nervous tissue and cell processes. Thanks to the vertical stripe in the cortical zone and corticopolar contraction, it is possible to create a full multidirectional two-way connection between neurons. There are examples of unconditional synaptic connections lying in non-associative cortical zones (nervous tissue of the inner thin layer has less electrical resistance and has a more positive electrogram than cells of the superficial neocortical layer). With weak excitation of neurons in the thin layer, they initiate segmental reactions of varying intensity, then entire functional chains of neurons working in unison induce functional