How to treat newborn skin

Whatever aspect you touch on, you can always say about newborns that they are not a smaller copy of an adult, which means that their body functions according to its own laws. This even applies to the skin. The skin of a newborn baby has its own characteristics, which sometimes cause anxiety in young parents. The baby's skin is delicate and prone to irritation, so it requires special attention. In order to avoid problems and inflammatory processes, it is necessary to carefully care for it. When a child has clean skin, no diaper rash, no rashes, the newborn feels comfortable, sleeps well, does not worry and is not capricious.

Skin Features

When the baby is born, its skin is covered with a layer of cheese-like lubricant. This lubricant acts as a barrier, because in the mother’s tummy the baby was surrounded by amniotic fluid. In the old days, this lubricant was washed off immediately after birth, but now it is believed that it should be absorbed into the skin.

When the issue with lubrication on the skin is leveled out, the mother may notice that the baby’s skin is too red. This is completely normal. Firstly, In the blood of a newborn baby, red blood cells are contained in increased quantities. Secondly, The layer of subcutaneous fat in the baby is still very poorly developed, which means that the blood vessels are very close to the skin and are clearly visible. In addition to the red tint, a vascular pattern may simply appear on the skin.

Poor development of the subcutaneous fat layer “rewards” the baby’s skin with another feature. Newborn babies easily become hypothermic and freeze. At the same time, a “marble” pattern appears on the skin.

All mothers note that the skin of a newborn baby is very soft and velvety to the touch. The infant fluff of lanugo, which covers the shoulders, back, and sometimes the baby’s hips, gives the skin a special velvety quality. However, already on the 2-3rd day of life, the baby’s skin becomes dry and begins to peel off. Thus, adaptation of the skin to the air environment after the water environment is manifested. The functioning of the sebaceous glands has not yet been established, so the skin is deprived of a protective lipid film that helps retain moisture. Most often, the skin of the extremities peels: palms and heels.

You can often notice various rashes on the skin of a newborn. Small white dots that resemble pimples are milia, sebaceous cysts. They are completely safe, appear in the process of establishing the functioning of the sebaceous glands and disappear without a trace without any intervention. Red, inflamed pimples, sometimes called “blooms,” are the result of hormonal changes. After physical separation from the mother’s body, the baby’s body begins to produce its own hormones, which naturally affects the external condition of the skin.

It turns out that most anxiety symptoms are completely normal for a newborn baby. The older your toddler gets, the more his skin becomes similar to the skin of an adult, both in appearance and in the way it functions.

Skin care rules

1. To avoid damaging the baby’s delicate skin, an adult’s nails should be cut short and filed;
2. If an adult has any sores on his hands (eg boils, nail fungus, sore hangnails), then it is better to entrust the care of the child to a healthy person;
3. It is not recommended to overuse hygiene products: use baby soap without allergenic fragrances, use water-based baby cream (see what creams are there);
4. Use only high-quality children's cosmetics.

We recommend: Video guide. After childbirth. Caring for a newborn:

Washing the baby

Every morning, after the baby wakes up, he must be washed with boiled water.

It is more convenient to carry out morning care on the changing table, since the necessary items will be stably placed on it. The water temperature in the first days is 36-37⁰C, gradually it can be reduced and brought to room temperature (25⁰C).

1. We start by treating the eyes: using a cotton ball soaked in boiled water, wipe the eye with smooth movements without pressure from the outer corner to the inner one. For each eye we use an individual cotton ball.
2. Wipe the outside of the nose with a damp cotton ball. The inside of the nostrils is cleaned with a cotton swab, making rotational movements. The flagellum is pre-moistened with boiled water.
3. We treat the ears with a cotton wool flagellum, removing wax from the skin of the external auditory canal. It is not worth pushing the flagellum deeper, since the wax is not removed, but is pushed inside the ear canal. It is enough to clean your ears 2 times a week.
4. Wipe the face and behind the ears with a cotton ball.
5. The umbilical wound should be treated 2 times a day with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, then with brilliant green (details about correct processing).
6. After each bowel movement, the baby must be washed with warm running water.

Video:

Body care

A baby up to 6 months old needs to be bathed daily and washed after each bowel movement. In addition, the baby needs to have air baths, which will help not only harden the child, but also avoid diaper rash, prickly heat and other skin problems. See article on daily care —

Common truths:

1. Bathing the child until the umbilical wound heals is carried out in boiled water with the addition of a solution of potassium permanganate. The water should be heated to body temperature or slightly higher (36-37⁰C). Soap cannot be used every day; it is enough to wash the head 2-3 times a week. Decoctions of various herbs can be periodically added to the water. After each bathing, the umbilical wound is treated until it heals. How to bathe a child correctly.
2. Washing the baby is carried out under running water. The child lies on the mother's arm with his tummy up. The head is placed on the elbow of the mother’s arm, the buttock is on the palm, and the baby’s leg must be secured with the thumb near the hip joint. All movements are directed from the genitals to the gluteal fold. If the child pooped, then use soap. This procedure must be carried out after each bowel movement, and after 2-3 urinations. This care will help avoid diaper rash in the groin folds and buttocks.
3. Using powder and creams after washing keep the baby's skin dry and protect it from the irritating effects of urine.
4. Air baths. The baby is placed on a changing table, completely undressed and given the opportunity to move his arms and legs freely. It is better to increase the duration of the procedure gradually from 1-2 minutes to 5-10 minutes. as the child grows (how to do air baths).

Let's see how to bathe, how to wash, how to care for the umbilical wound, how to do air baths:

Bathing:

Washing:

Treatment of the umbilical wound:

Air baths:

After you have bathed your child, apply baby cream to the perineum and groin folds. Because The creams contain castor oil, glycerin, and beeswax, which softens and nourishes the skin, and also protects it from all kinds of microbes. Immediately after bathing, it is necessary to treat the baby's skin with cosmetic oil for newborns, lotion or powder.

Skin problems

Most often, parents are frightened by the appearance of crusts on the scalp of the baby (seborrheic crusts). This is not a disease, it is easy to fight. Before each bathing, the crusts are lubricated with petroleum jelly or baby cream, and during bathing they are wiped with a sterile gauze cloth. Movements should be light without pressure, strong friction will lead to the appearance of wounds. (We read about crusts on the head)

1. Prickly heat. If there is prickly heat on the child’s body, then you simply need to prevent overheating, avoiding overly warm clothes. At an early stage, normal hygiene for a newborn baby is quite enough. While bathing, you can add chamomile infusion or a decoction of oak bark to the water - More about prickly heat (about treatment);
2. Diaper rash. When diaper rash occurs, special attention is paid to skin care after each trip to the toilet. Let the baby’s skin “breathe” more often (the same air baths that were described above), diapers and diapers must be changed every few hours. After changing diapers, the child must be washed with running water, or, in extreme cases, wiped with baby sanitary napkins - More about diaper rash;
3. Proper hygiene from the start! We read a large article about organizing proper hygiene for a child from birth.

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The sensitive, easily vulnerable skin of a newborn requires especially careful, systematic care. Regurgitation during the day, milk flowing behind the neck, natural discharge, friction, stuck villi - provoke inflammation and diaper rash in the area of ​​skin folds, sometimes very painful. They often cause anxiety and crying of the baby. To avoid this, it is important for the mother to learn how to care for the skin and treat the baby’s folds.

Processing folds

To keep your baby's skin healthy, you need to bathe him daily, and in hot weather you can do this twice a day. When bathing a newborn, you should not overuse soap (it is optimal to use it once a week). It is better to replace baby soap with milder detergents.

After taking a bath, dry your baby's body with a soft towel or diaper, while avoiding friction, which can cause damage to the skin. Then examine all folds for irritation, diaper rash, allergic reactions, powder and oil residues. Examine the folds on the neck, as the most vulnerable place, pay attention to the place behind the ears, palms, fingers, elbows, armpits, legs, inguinal, buttock folds and the genitals of the newborn - redness often occurs there.

This is best done not only after an evening swim, but also in the morning.

After examination, treatment of the newborn’s folds is necessary, which can be done by various means:

1. The folds are sprinkled with baby powder or, as our ancestors did, with starch.
2. Lubricate with special oil, sold in children's stores and pharmacies. Boiled vegetable oil or Vaseline oil will also work;
3. Many people use baby cream for preventive purposes.

What baby folds look like (Photo)

Preference should be given to what is most relevant to a specific problem. For example, if the baby's skin is dry, you will need oil to moisturize it, and if the folds become wet, it is better to sprinkle them and dry them. You should not use both oil and powder at the same time; this can provoke an inflammatory process, since when they are mixed, lumps are formed, which contribute to diaper rash and irritation.

1. In order to treat the folds of a newborn with oil, you need to moisten a cotton pad and lubricate them sequentially from top to bottom. Pay special attention to your baby's neck, armpits and groin.
2. For deep skin folds, it is best to use baby powder; the oil in this case can contribute to diaper rash.
3. The cream is used when the child has pronounced dry skin, but in order to avoid diaper rash, it is not recommended to apply it directly to the folds. Cream and oil should not be applied directly to the baby’s skin, since a large amount of it can create a film on the surface of the body and negatively affect its condition. Mom must first apply a little cream to her hands, distribute between her palms and then treat the folds.

Air baths are necessary for the health of a newborn's skin. Do not rush to dress your baby immediately after bathing and treating the skin; give him time to lie down without clothes and a diaper.

What causes baby's skin problems?

The most common causes of skin problems:

1. the rough fabric from which children's clothes or bedding are made causes abrasions on the skin;
2. the baby was in a wet diaper for a long time;
3. folds after bathing are poorly dried;
4. the child is dressed very warmly for a walk, as a result he regularly sweats, this causes prickly heat;
5. the material from which the diaper is made provokes allergic reactions.

What problems can occur on the skin of infants?

Oil, powder and baby cream are used to prevent skin diseases in a newborn; if they do occur, they need to be treated with other means.

Most often the baby is worried about:

1. Miliaria is a small rash on the body. The cause is overheating. You can combat it by providing your baby with the necessary temperature conditions in the room, using clothes strictly according to the season;
2. Diaper rash is severe redness of the skin (most often in the area of ​​the buttocks, groin and armpits). The reason is undried skin after swimming, prolonged exposure to a humid environment. The solution is air baths, reducing the time you use a diaper, and drying the skin with special means. You can treat problem areas with Bepanten ointment, zinc ointment, Desitin. If the above measures do not help, then a drying powder with talc and zinc oxide will come in handy. As prescribed by the doctor, ultraviolet irradiation of problem areas is carried out;
3. Fungal skin infections manifest themselves in stubbornly untreatable diaper rash. In this case, it is recommended to consult a doctor;
4. Pyoderma is small superficial pustules caused by staphylococci and streptococci. To carry out adequate treatment, consultation with a specialist is necessary;
5. Allergic dermatitis - manifests itself in the form of peeling, red spots, and rash. This disease is associated with the immaturity of the immune and enzyme systems of the newborn. For treatment, you need to contact an allergist.

Systematic care and careful treatment of the baby’s folds helps prevent diseases of the newborn’s delicate skin. It is known that child health problems, including skin problems, are easier to prevent than to treat.

Everyone, of course, is familiar with the expression “skin like a baby.” Any beauty would be happy to hear such a compliment. With these words, we imagine something angelic-pink, tender, fragrant, covered with weightless fluff... Well, ideally, this is probably how it is, but, alas, this does not always happen. And it also happens that the kind of skin that turns out to be normal is the kind of skin that alarms young parents...

How to care for a baby’s skin, what it should be like ideally, what it might be like normally, what to be afraid of, what not to worry about, what to pay attention to first - all these questions will require a long, detailed conversation. And you need to start with an excursion into human anatomy and physiology.

Structure and functions of the skin

Human skin consists of two layers - the epidermis and the dermis (the skin itself). The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, consisting of the horny and basal layers (the first is represented by several rows of constantly exfoliating dead - “keratinized” - cells, in the second, new cells are formed to replace the removed keratinized ones). Beneath the epidermis is the dermis, a layer of loose connective tissue in which the sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as hair roots, are located.

To the question: “What is skin needed for?” most people far from medicine will confidently answer: “To protect muscles, bones, internal organs.” Such an answer will, of course, be completely fair, but insufficient. The skin in our body is not only responsible for protecting role Let's try to list the main functions of the skin, and this is what we get:

1. protective (the skin protects the body from negative external influences);
2. excretory (metabolic products are removed from the body through sweating);
3. thermoregulatory (it is with the help of the skin that the body adapts to the ambient temperature);
4. respiratory (air enters the body not only through the lungs, but also through the diffusion of gases through the walls of skin vessels);
5. sensitive (skin provides tactile, temperature and pain sensitivity);
6. synthetic (it is in the skin that vitamin D and the pigment melanin are synthesized, which protects a person from the effects of ultraviolet rays).

Features of newborn skin

Those skin features that we have talked about so far are universal - they are equally characteristic of both children and adults. Now let's talk about what is typical for a baby's skin. Baby skin has a number of features that make the little person more vulnerable and defenseless, and young parents need to know about this in order to provide proper care for the child.

The skin of a newborn is distinguished by an extremely thin stratum corneum, only 3-4 rows of cells. And since it is this layer that performs a protective function, it is not difficult to imagine how vulnerable the baby’s skin is. In addition, such thin skin does not provide a sufficient level of thermoregulation, so the newborn gets cold and overheats very quickly.

Newborns have a very loose connection between the epidermis and dermis. Without going into anatomical details, we will only note that this structure of the skin predisposes to a faster spread of infection than in adults.

A child’s skin has a developed network of capillaries, which, on the one hand, again increases the likelihood of infection spreading through the bloodstream, and on the other, promotes gas exchange in the skin (the child literally “breathes through the skin”). In other words, the protective function of a baby’s skin is significantly inferior to that of an adult, and the respiratory function is expressed many times more intensely.

Children's skin is extremely saturated with water. The skin of a newborn contains 80-90% water (in an adult - 65-67%). This moisture content in the leather must be maintained at all times, however, because it is very thin, moisture is easily lost when the ambient temperature rises, and the leather dries out.

The skin of a newborn has a low melanin content; such skin is practically defenseless against the action of UV rays.

Newborn skin care

The principles of proper baby skin care arise from its structural and functional characteristics. In a nutshell, they can be formulated something like this: you need to help the skin perform its protective function - and not interfere with its breathing. Let's try to list the basic procedures that will help you follow this principle:

1. Ensuring optimal ambient temperature, along with the usual hygiene procedures, is one of the most important conditions for proper skin care of a newborn. This is due to the fact that infant skin is not yet able to cope with thermoregulation, that is, maintain a constant body temperature when the ambient temperature changes. Therefore, in the room where the child is located, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature of about 20 ° C. Both hypothermia and overheating are equally undesirable for the child (if overheated, in particular, prickly heat may develop).
2. Bathing. If there are no contraindications for health reasons, the newborn must be bathed daily. In urban conditions, ordinary tap water (36-37° C) is used. Until the umbilical wound is completely closed, potassium permanganate (a weak solution of potassium permanganate) 1 should be added to the water. It is recommended to wash the child with baby soap 2 times a week, and wash his hair 1-2 times a week (with baby soap or special baby shampoos).
3. Skin moisturizing. The child's skin should be examined every day. If you notice dryness in certain areas, they need to be moisturized. Both simple home remedies are suitable for this - sunflower or olive oil (only pre-sterilized), as well as branded oils for caring for children's skin. Vaseline oil can also be used, although it is less effective.
4. Treatment of natural skin folds. After moisturizing the skin, it is necessary to treat the inguinal, cervical, popliteal and other folds of the skin. To do this, you can use specialized creams, for example "Children's" 2. You cannot smear the cream all over your body: this paralyzes the respiratory function of the skin and can even lead to hypoxia (lack of oxygen in the blood).
5. Treatment of the umbilical wound. The umbilical wound is treated until it is completely closed and there is no discharge during its treatment. For treatment, a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide is recommended; the edges of the umbilical wound must be moved apart during this procedure. If there are crusts at the bottom of the wound, they must be removed. Finally, the wound is treated with a 1-2% solution of brilliant green or a 5% solution of potassium permanganate. (The visiting nurse teaches the technique of treating the umbilical wound to parents.)
6. Parents perceive air and sun baths primarily as hardening procedures, but they are also an integral element of skin hygiene, since they help prevent prickly heat and diaper rash.

A child taking such a bath should under no circumstances be exposed to direct sunlight; he can lie down in the garden in the shade of trees, under a lattice awning or on the veranda (of course, at adequate air temperature). This regime will allow the child to “ventilate” well and receive the minimum dose of ultraviolet radiation necessary for the production of vitamin D.

In winter, naturally, you will have to do without sunbathing, but air baths can be arranged in the apartment. When swaddling or changing clothes, leave the baby naked for a while (it will be enough for a newborn to lie on his stomach for 2-3 minutes before each feeding, a three-month-old baby can take air baths for a total of 15-20 minutes a day, by six months their time should be increased to 30, and by one year - up to 40 minutes a day 3).

However, even the most strict implementation of all these procedures may be ineffective if basic hygiene standards are not observed. So don’t forget: all child care items should only be individual - intended exclusively for him, they should be kept in a strictly defined place and always covered with a clean napkin; other family members and especially older children should not have access to them.

Skin changes

However, even with ideal care for the child’s skin, almost every mother sooner or later faces certain problems. There are quite a lot of them and they are varied.

Let us first consider cases where changes in the skin are caused by the characteristics of the skin of a newborn and do not require treatment.

Almost all newborns experience transient (transient) changes in the skin, which are physiologically normal and do not require correction.

Simple erythema. This is redness of the skin (with a bluish tint in the first hours of life) that occurs after removal of vernix or after the first bath. Usually on the second day after birth, the redness becomes brighter, and by the end of the first week it fades away. The severity of simple erythema, its duration depends on the degree of maturity of the child (in premature infants, simple erythema lasts 2-3 weeks, in full-term infants - less).

Physiological peeling. Occurs on days 3-5 of life in children with especially bright simple erythema after its extinction. The peeling flakes of skin look like plates or crushed bran. There are especially many of them on the tummy and chest.

Toxic erythema. This skin reaction is similar to an allergic one (in children who have suffered severe toxic erythema, a predisposition to allergic diathesis is often observed subsequently). Many newborns develop small white dense nodules that rise above the surface of the skin (papules) on days 1-3 of life. There may be redness at the base of the papule. Sometimes bubbles with white contents form. Most often, elements of toxic erythema are found on the chest and abdomen, less often on the face and limbs. Erythema never occurs on the palms, soles, or mucous membranes. New rashes may appear within 1-3 days, but the rash usually disappears after 2-3 days. The child feels well, the temperature is normal. As a rule, no treatment is required; only if the rash is severe, additional fluids (5% glucose solution) and antihistamines (anti-allergic) drugs are prescribed.

Milia are whitish-yellowish nodules 1-2 mm in size, rising above the skin level and most often localized on the wings of the nose, bridge of the nose, in the forehead, and very rarely throughout the body. These are sebaceous glands with abundant secretion and blocked excretory ducts, observed in approximately 40% of newborns. If there are signs of mild inflammation (redness), the nodules should be treated with a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate.

Enlarged sweat glands, which appear at the birth of a child, look like thin-walled bubbles with cheesy or transparent contents. They are found in the area of ​​the neck fold, on the scalp, and less often on the shoulders and chest. Bubbles can be easily removed with a cotton swab and alcohol, leaving the skin intact. There are no recurrent rashes.

Yellowness of the skin is often observed in completely healthy children on the second or third day of life; it is due to the fact that the functionally immature liver at birth is not able to cope with the processing of bilirubin. No special treatment is required, you just need to give the baby more water to speed up the release of bilirubin from the body, and monitor the regularity of bowel movements. Physiological (transient) jaundice usually begins to subside on the seventh to tenth day.

Telangiectasia is a local dilatation of subcutaneous capillaries, often called “spider veins.” They are usually located on the forehead, back of the head, and bridge of the nose. Telangiectasia does not require treatment and usually goes away on its own by one to one and a half years.

Changes in the skin can also be signs of some disease. And then it requires treatment.

An allergic rash is what parents probably most often encounter. It is usually bright pink in color, consists of red spots and raised nodules above the surface of the skin, reminiscent of a mosquito bite (papules).

When a rash occurs, you must first find the cause of the allergy. A nursing mother should first think about her diet during the last week. If she ate red and yellow vegetables and fruits, chocolate, fatty fish, caviar, rich broths, a large number of eggs (more than two in a week), then the cause of the allergy most likely lies in the woman’s diet. If the allergic rash is clearly demarcated by the application site of any children's cosmetics, you must stop using it.

Diaper rash in newborns (also called diaper dermatitis) is a non-infectious skin lesion that occurs in places where it comes into contact with an irritating agent (urine, feces, sometimes rough diapers). Most often they are localized on the buttocks, in the genital area, and on the inner thighs.

When diaper rash appears, it is necessary to strengthen hygienic control over the child (make sure that he does not lie in wet diapers; wash after bowel movements and when changing diapers; in the absence of allergic reactions, take daily baths with the addition of medicinal herbs: chamomile, string, oak bark - the latter is preferable for weeping diaper rash). Astringent creams, for example containing tannin, are indicated. If erosions (superficial skin defects) occur, so-called epithelializing creams, for example with sea buckthorn oil, are indicated.

Miliaria is also a non-infectious inflammatory process and is the result of improper care. If a child is dressed too warmly, “bundled up,” a compensatory expansion of the ducts of the sweat glands and the capillaries surrounding them occurs. Miliaria manifests itself as a pink nodular (papular) rash, mainly in the chest and abdomen, and less commonly in the extremities.

If a child develops heat rash, you should dress him less warmly; clothing must be adequate to the ambient temperature.

Baths using the same herbs as for diaper rash are useful. Air baths lasting 10-15 minutes are very effective.

However, if, with good care, an adequate diet for the mother and the correct regimen, the child is prone to diaper rash or prickly heat, the pediatrician may suspect a more serious pathology - ECD (exudative-catarrhal diathesis).

Hemangioma is a proliferation of subcutaneous vessels. It can be noticeable in the form of vascular tangles, visible through the skin, and in deep localization, in the form of a bluish spot, which acquires a more intense color when the child screams and strains. Already in the maternity hospital, the doctor will draw the mother’s attention to the presence of a hemangioma and recommend measuring its size over time. It is more convenient to do this using tracing paper, tracing the hemangioma along it at certain intervals. If the hemangioma tends to shrink, then most likely it will not require treatment and will disappear on its own. However, if the hemangioma grows rapidly, medical correction will be required. The question of treatment tactics in such cases is decided jointly by the pediatrician and the surgeon.

Pigment spots can have any localization; they require monitoring over time and monthly measurements. If the area of ​​the pigment spot increases, you should definitely contact your pediatrician.

Gneiss (milky crust) is an allergic manifestation localized on the scalp in the form of whitish crusts. As with an allergic rash, a nursing mother should first analyze her diet and be sure to show her child to a dermatologist. In addition, before bathing, you should lubricate the child’s scalp with sterile sunflower or olive oil, put on a cotton cap for a while, and then carefully remove the softened crusts with a cotton swab or a sparse comb.

Cutaneous candidiasis is often combined in newborns with candidiasis of the mucous membranes and usually occurs when a child passes through the birth canal of a woman suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Candidiasis of the skin looks like weeping diaper rash in the anus, buttocks, and inner thighs. As a rule, diaper rash is accompanied by the appearance of erosions. The edges of erosions are uneven, scalloped, covered with a thin white coating (sometimes the coating covers the entire surface of the erosion). Since the skin process is usually accompanied by damage to the mucous membranes, you can see a cheesy white coating on the lining of the mouth and genitals.

To make a correct diagnosis, a smear is needed - fungal culture. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the child will be prescribed specific therapy (usually local - in the form of ointments, such as Clotrimazole, Travogen, Pimafucin, etc.). In addition, special attention is paid to hygienic measures: frequent baths are required, as well as lubricating diaper rash with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate to dry the skin.

In any case, if you find any unusual changes in your child’s skin, immediately show him to a pediatric dermatologist or pediatrician and under no circumstances try to treat him yourself, since children’s skin lesions are diverse and often different diseases have similar symptoms, so make a correct diagnosis , only an experienced doctor can find out the need for correction and prescribe an effective course of treatment.

1 The concentrated solution must be prepared in a separate container, and then added to the bathing water until it turns a faint pink color. This is done to avoid crystals of potassium permanganate, which is a strong oxidizing agent, getting on the child’s skin and causing a chemical burn.
2 When choosing cosmetics, keep in mind that some creams may contain fragrances, dyes or herbs that can cause an allergic reaction.
3 Keep in mind that we are talking about “room” conditions. In the summer, a baby can “walk around” naked all day long, just not in the sun.