Capillary Blood

Blood capillary (vas hemocapillare, lnh synonym hemocapillary) is the thinnest blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules. The diameter of the capillaries is 5-10 microns. The capillary wall consists of only one layer of endothelial cells and a basement membrane. Thanks to the thin wall, metabolism occurs between blood and tissues.

Capillaries form a dense network covering all organs and tissues. The total length of capillaries reaches 50-100 thousand kilometers. The capillary network ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and the removal of metabolic products. Also, liquid is filtered through the walls of the capillaries, regulating the water-salt balance. Disturbances in the capillary bed lead to the development of many diseases.

The capillary system is the most branched and permeable part of the circulatory system with a nominal diameter of less than 5 microns. The blood in the capillaries in the form of numerous streams is divided into capillary filaments, each of which flows into the lumen of the vessel without moving relative to the walls. For blood, the capillary network in the body of higher mammals represents a transport system between arterioles and venules. In the capillaries, the blood gives tissue fluids, proteins, glucose, oxygen to the cells, and gives nutrients to the cells. It takes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide, takes the transport protein hemoglobin and attaches oxygen molecules, nourishes cells with a powerful blood flow. By origin, the circulatory and lymphatic systems are closed, evolutionarily more ancient vascular systems. They begin and end with common organs - the heart and blood sinuses. The blood plasma is abundantly supplied with red blood cells, leukocytes and other formed elements (erythrocytoplasm is practically protein-free). Plasma is constantly renewed and is formed in the kidneys due to the constantly formed protein uric acid. The function of the renal vessels is performed by the glomeruli of the kidneys. Water is almost completely reabsorbed in the nephrons and leaves the body mainly through the large intestine. Carbon dioxide is released during respiration as the end product of metabolic processes, its level in the blood is maintained by the body's respiratory system. On the other hand, the venous line differs from the arterial line in the composition of blood cells. In contrast to the general circulatory regime, the processes of filling venous and arterial vessels have significant differences. Arterial blood flow with a high volume velocity, almost freely penetrating through the walls of the arteries into the microcircular bed with subsequent branching and the formation of intracapillary blood flow, is the main component of the blood supply to organs. On the contrary, in the venous ru