Keratoplasty Tectonic

**Keratoplasty** is surgery to replace the cornea (the clear outer layer of the eye) with an artificial surface, which corrects problems associated with corneal diseases such as cortical scars, leukokeratosis, infection or degeneration.

**Tectonic keratoplasty** differs from conventional keratoplasty by the use of woven materials made from biocompatible polymers that have been artificially grown and sterilized called “biotextiles”. Such high-tech materials are made from polymers such as bioactive polymers, polylactide glycol or polycaprolactone to provide better biocompatibility and transparency to further stabilize the corneal surface.

Modern technology and continuous research have allowed the development of different types of biotextiles, including triblastic aquaflux from polylactic glycol, which is currently used in more than 370 million such applications worldwide. These materials are highly biocompatible and have good stability, allowing patients to easily adapt to new surfaces after surgery.

Despite all the advantages and innovations, each type of biotextile material will have its own advantages and disadvantages when used in different patients, therefore the choice of the type of surgical treatment should be made taking into account the characteristics and needs of the individual patient. The ophthalmologist carefully reviews the patient's medical history, stage of disease, and anatomical features to determine the best type and strategy of biotextile keratoplasty surgery to suit the patient's individual needs.

Since the exact cause of corneal graft failure has not yet been identified, other techniques and technologies may be developed in the future to prevent corneal graft failure and improve long-term outcomes. Based on recent advances in bionanotechnology, artificial intelligence can be used in combination with microgroove-based biotextiles to improve cell migration conditions, increase the reparative potential of the corneal scar, and subsequently reduce the risk of subsequent failure. Some researchers are also exploring ways to genetically modify cell populations to increase their ability to adapt and survive on the surface of a new graft and reduce potential rejection reactions.