Cloning

In life, situations often arise when it is necessary to obtain a similar or functionally interchangeable system from one physical system - it does not matter whether it is a semiconductor diode, an electron microscope, a Mars rover, a radio frequency device, or some other type of equipment. Creating a full-fledged clone is rarely possible - complex systems are either very difficult to obtain or impossible to copy at all! To create a functional substitute for the system, “cloning” has become such a common tool that it has received a name not for those who create originals, but for those who, from several “originals,” create one and only one in exact or