Primary calculus (c. primarium, Latin “primus” - first) is a formation consisting of mineral substances that accumulate in the kidneys, bladder and other organs of the urinary system. Stones can come in different sizes and shapes, but they are usually round or oval in shape and are made of calcium, phosphate and other minerals.
Stones can occur with various diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis and others. They can be discovered either accidentally or during ultrasound or other studies.
Treatment for stones can vary and depend on their size, shape and location. If the stones are small and do not cause symptoms, then treatment can be conservative, for example, with a diet that limits the intake of foods containing calcium and phosphorus. In some cases, medications such as calcium channel inhibitors may be used.
If the stones are large and causing symptoms, surgery may be required. This usually occurs when there are stones that cannot be removed using conservative treatment methods. Surgical removal of stones may involve various methods such as endoscopic removal, lithotripsy or open surgery.
In any case, treatment of stones should be carried out under the supervision of a urologist, who will be able to determine the optimal treatment method for each specific case.