Leukopoiesis

Leukopoiesis is the process of formation and maturation of leukocytes in the bone marrow. It is an important mechanism of the immune system that protects the body from various infections and diseases.

Leukocytes are white blood cells that perform many functions in the body. They are involved in protection against infections, allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases. In addition, leukocytes play an important role in regulating hematopoiesis and maintaining the balance between blood cells.

The process of leukopoiesis begins in the red bone marrow, where the formation of stem cells occurs. These cells divide and differentiate into different types of white blood cells. The process of leukocyte maturation occurs in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes and other organs.

There are several types of white blood cells, each of which performs its own function in the body. For example, neutrophils are responsible for destroying bacteria and viruses, eosinophils fight parasites and allergic reactions, lymphocytes help fight infections and tumors, and monocytes are involved in tissue repair after damage.

Leukopoiesis is controlled by the immune system, which regulates the number and type of leukocytes in the blood. If your white blood cell count increases, it may indicate an infection or other disease.

Thus, leukopoiesis is an important process that provides immune protection to the body and maintains the balance between blood cells. Disruption of this process can lead to various diseases, so it is important to monitor your health and consult a doctor if symptoms appear.

Leukopoiesis

Introduction

Leukopoiesis, leukogenesis (from ancient Greek λευκός - white and ποιεῖν - to do) or leukoproliferation (from Latin Leucophata - white blood) is the physiological process of the formation of white blood cells in the bone marrow. During this process, various blood cells are formed from progenitor stem cells: granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets). In some cases, there is a disruption in the process of leukopoiesis, which leads to the development of leukemia (multiple myeloma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, etc.).

History of the discovery Leukocytosis was discovered in 1877, almost simultaneously, by American scientists A. Körber and N. Idelberg, and in 919 A. Mingov and D. Rossi established the nature of leukocytes.

Structure Neutrophils have a complex internal composition and the shapes of the nucleus and cytoplasm are also complex. The heterogeneity of cells belonging to the leukocyte family is also proven by the fact that upon maturation, individual groups acquire different functional properties. Neutrophs contain antigens that are determined by cell-free reagents, but do not have either humoral or cellular antigens. Cells of the monocyte series - macrophages, or cells - devourers, or cells of nonspecific tissue resistance. Granulocytes and agranulocytes synthesize, secrete and remove metabolic products from the body. All types of cells quickly divide, and in neutrophils this happens more often than in the blood of other cell lines. Differences in the structure and synthetic function of cells of different rows of hematopoietic tissue determine some common features and features of the processes of hematopoiesis and maturation in them. But there is a close connection between them. More differentiated cells push more and more intensively dividing precursors outside the blood germ. For example, the latter do not enter the blood and begin to differentiate only after the number of mature cells reaches increasing quantities. Monocytes replenish the bone marrow reserves of the precursors of all three leukocyte-poietic blood lineages. According to the type of hematopoiesis, they occupy an intermediate position between the most differentiated and least differentiated fibroblasts. In an adult, during a period of relative physiological rest, the reserves of bone marrow precursors of a colonocytic (myeloid) nature are maintained by an approximately equal ratio of cell populations of four classes of three hematopoietic lineages. Based on the hemoglobin content in the cells, normoblasts are distinguished (with hemoglobin content